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Taxation of Knowledge-Based Capital: Non-R&D Investments, Average Effective Tax Rates, Internal Vs. External KBC Development and Tax Limitations

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  • Alessandro Modica

    (OECD)

  • Thomas Neubig

    (OECD)

Abstract

This paper extends the tax analysis of knowledge-based capital (KBC) in several dimensions. The paper analyses non-R&D KBC: computer software, architectural and engineering designs, and economic competencies which account for over 70% of total KBC. The paper analyses the tax treatment of internally-developed KBC which is used in production by the developer versus KBC sold to third-party producers. The current tax rules generally favour internally-developed KBC, which disadvantages many SMEs and start-up companies specializing in innovation. The analysis reports two average effective tax rates (ETRs) depending on investors’ considerations of their investment opportunities. When KBC is unique, earns excess returns due to market power, or involves financing-constraints, ETRs are high despite immediate expensing. The paper also analyses the effects of tax limitations, where many SMEs and start-up companies can’t benefit from tax credits and deductions until having sufficient tax liability. L'imposition du capital intellectuel : Investissements non liés à la R-D, taux moyens effectifs d'imposition, développement interne/externe du capital intellectuel et restrictions fiscales Ce document prolonge l’analyse fiscale du capital intellectuel dans différents domaines. Il analyse le capital intellectuel non lié à la R-D : les logiciels informatiques, la conception architecturale et technique, et les compétences économiques qui représentent plus de 70 % du capital intellectuel total. Ce document examine le traitement fiscal du capital intellectuel développé en interne, qui est employé en production par le développeur, par rapport au capital intellectuel vendu à des producteurs tiers. Les règles fiscales actuelles favorisent généralement le capital intellectuel développé en interne, ce qui pénalise de nombreuses PME et jeunes entreprises qui se spécialisent dans l’innovation. L’analyse met en évidence deux taux moyens effectifs d’imposition (TMEI) en fonction de l’évaluation par les investisseurs des opportunités d’investissement. Lorsque le capital intellectuel est unique, génère un rendement excessif en raison de l’existence d’un pouvoir de marché ou implique des contraintes de financement, les TMEI sont élevés malgré une passation immédiate en charges. Ce document analyse également les conséquences des restrictions fiscales, sous l’effet desquelles de nombreuses PME et jeunes entreprises ne peuvent pas bénéficier de crédits et d’allégements d’impôts tant que le montant de leur impôt n’atteint pas un niveau suffisant.

Suggested Citation

  • Alessandro Modica & Thomas Neubig, 2016. "Taxation of Knowledge-Based Capital: Non-R&D Investments, Average Effective Tax Rates, Internal Vs. External KBC Development and Tax Limitations," OECD Taxation Working Papers 24, OECD Publishing.
  • Handle: RePEc:oec:ctpaaa:24-en
    DOI: 10.1787/5jm2f6sfz244-en
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