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Revenue Performance Assessment of Indian GST

Author

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  • Mukherjee, Sacchidananda

    (National Institute of Public Finance and Policy)

Abstract

By comparing comparable revenue streams of pre- and post-GST periods, in this paper we assess the revenue performance of GST in India for the period 2012-13 to 2022-23. Sustaining revenue streams of the Union and State governments (in terms of percentage share in nominal Gross Domestic Product or GDP) between the pre- and a post-GST period is important for sustainable Public Finance Management. We observe that post-GST tax buoyancy in the GST regime has improved for the Union government as well as in overall GST collection. However, average tax buoyancy of State portion of GST has not improved yet. GST-to-GDP ratio of the Union as well as state governments not yet improved during post-GST period as compared to equivalent share of respective revenue streams in GDP during the pre-GST period. Based on available information, we estimate C-efficiency ratio (or collection efficiency), Effective Tax Rates, Compliance Gap and Policy Gap of GST for the period Q2:2017-18 to Q3:2022-23. We find that average C-efficiency of GST is 0.54 (or 54 %) which is in line with available evidences from developing Asian countries. Average ETR has gone up from 10.91 per cent in 2020-21 to 12.21 per cent in 2021-22 and 12.56 per cent upto Q3:2022-23 of 2022-23. The share of policy gap in C-efficiency is higher than compliance gap which is in line with available evidences from EU and OECD countries.

Suggested Citation

  • Mukherjee, Sacchidananda, 2023. "Revenue Performance Assessment of Indian GST," Working Papers 23/392, National Institute of Public Finance and Policy.
    • Handle: RePEc:npf:wpaper:23/392
    Note: Working Paper 392, 2023
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    File URL: https://www.nipfp.org.in/media/medialibrary/2023/04/WP_392_2023.pdf
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Sacchidananda Mukherjee, 2020. "Goods and Services Tax efficiency across Indian States: panel stochastic frontier analysis," Indian Economic Review, Springer, vol. 55(2), pages 225-251, December.
    2. Mukherjee, Sacchidananda, 2021. "Revenue Implications of GST Rates Restructuring in India: An Analysis," Working Papers 21/358, National Institute of Public Finance and Policy.
    3. Mukherjee, Sacchidananda, 2020. "Performance Assessment of Indian GST: State-level Analysis of Compliance Gap and Revenue Growth," Working Papers 20/301, National Institute of Public Finance and Policy.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Revenue performance assessment ; Goods and Services Tax (GST) ; C-efficiency ; Compliance Gap ; Policy Gap ; Effective Tax Rate (ETR) ; India;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • H20 - Public Economics - - Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue - - - General
    • E62 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Macroeconomic Policy, Macroeconomic Aspects of Public Finance, and General Outlook - - - Fiscal Policy; Modern Monetary Theory
    • H26 - Public Economics - - Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue - - - Tax Evasion and Avoidance

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