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Medidas de manejo económico para la conservación y el control de la actividad agrícola-ganadera en la Reserva de Biosfera "Parque Atlántico Mar Chiquito"

Author

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  • Stefanelli, Emiliano

Abstract

El Parque Atlántico Mar Chiquito se declaró Reserva Mundial de la Biosfera en abril de 1996 por la UNESCO en el marco del Programa MAB (programa del Hombre y la Biosfera) y en febrero de 1999 el gobierno de la provincia de Buenos Aires la incluyo en el régimen de Parques y Reservas Naturales (ley 10907) y la categorizó como Reserva Natural de Usos Múltiples. Esta declaración de reserva MAB implica establecer en la zona una categoría de manejo que reconoce explícitamente la presencia humana como factor central en la estrategia de conservación, con lo cual debe constituirse en una unidad de uso sustentable y directo. Se incorpora la noción de que el uso y la explotación de los recursos deben ser en el marco de parámetros sustentables. En la reserva el uso agrícola es importante, aunque la ganadería y el pastoreo ovino y bovino siguen siendo aún relevantes. En los últimos años las actividades económicas han tenido un crecimiento sin control o regulación, avanzando sobre tierras de distinta aptitud, tanto en la zona núcleo como en la zona de amortiguación. Este es el caso de una imposición de un área protegida en una zona donde el 94% de las actividades se desarrolla en el ámbito de propiedad privada. En esta tesis se presenta un estudio de las condiciones ambientales y económicas actuales de la reserva, con el objetivo de revisar las alternativas de gestión y evaluar su viabilidad desde el punto de vista de la sustentabilidad. Los resultados arrojaron que existe un aumento de la presión antrópica dado por el avance de la agricultura y la ganadería, acompañado por un uso inapropiado del recurso agua y por un uso desmedido, prolongado y elevado de fertilizantes. A tal efecto se presentan dos propuestas de gestión: la introducción de Buenas Prácticas Agrícolas y la formulación de Acuerdos de Producción Limpia. Estas opciones incorporan al productor agropecuario, amalgamando los intereses privados con los objetivos de sustentabilidad. Finalmente se evaluaron estas políticas según el esquema de las "cinco S", calificándolas con un nivel de viabilidad "Medio", es decir que es posible su aplicación.

Suggested Citation

  • Stefanelli, Emiliano, 2012. "Medidas de manejo económico para la conservación y el control de la actividad agrícola-ganadera en la Reserva de Biosfera "Parque Atlántico Mar Chiquito"," Nülan. Deposited Documents 1745, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Sociales, Centro de Documentación.
    • Handle: RePEc:nmp:nuland:1745
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    References listed on IDEAS

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