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Cross-Gender Social Ties Around the World

Author

Listed:
  • Michael Bailey
  • Drew M. Johnston
  • Theresa Kuchler
  • Ayush Kumar
  • Johannes Stroebel

Abstract

We introduce, analyze, and describe subnational data on cross-gender friendships for nearly 200 countries and territories, using data from 1.38 trillion ties between 1.8 billion Facebook users. Homophily by gender exists nearly everywhere, with individuals' strongest ties exhibiting less homophily than their peripheral connections. Across countries, cross-gender friendship rates align with existing measures of gender disparities. Within countries, cross-gender friending rates correlate with support for gender equality. In the US, cross-gender friendships are rarer in areas with a larger White share of the population, higher incomes, and more per-capita religious congregations.

Suggested Citation

  • Michael Bailey & Drew M. Johnston & Theresa Kuchler & Ayush Kumar & Johannes Stroebel, 2025. "Cross-Gender Social Ties Around the World," NBER Working Papers 33480, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    • Handle: RePEc:nbr:nberwo:33480
    Note: CH DAE DEV ED EH LS PE POL
    as

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    JEL classification:

    • H0 - Public Economics - - General
    • R0 - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics - - General

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