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The Effects of Tobacco 21 Laws on Smoking and Vaping: Evidence from Panel Data and Biomarkers

Author

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  • Chad D. Cotti
  • Philip DeCicca
  • Erik T. Nesson

Abstract

We use data from the Population Assessment of Tobacco Use and Health (PATH), a longitudinal data set including self-reported and biomarker measures of tobacco use, to examine the effects of state-level tobacco 21 (T21) laws on smoking and vaping. T21 laws reduce self-reported cigarette smoking among 18-to-20 year olds, concentrated in males. Initial non-users who “age-out” of treatment are less likely to subsequently initiate self-reported smoking or vaping. Treated smokers are less likely to buy their own cigarettes and more likely to buy cigarettes in a different state. Biomarker results are mixed, and we find some evidence of a reduction in nicotine exposure but less evidence for a reduction in exposure to tobacco. Finally, we test for non-classical measurement error. T21 laws reduce the probability that clinically identified likely cigarette smokers self-report as smokers, which may increase the apparent effect of T21 laws on cigarette smoking as measured by self-reports.

Suggested Citation

  • Chad D. Cotti & Philip DeCicca & Erik T. Nesson, 2024. "The Effects of Tobacco 21 Laws on Smoking and Vaping: Evidence from Panel Data and Biomarkers," NBER Working Papers 32520, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    • Handle: RePEc:nbr:nberwo:32520
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    More about this item

    JEL classification:

    • I12 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Health - - - Health Behavior
    • I18 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Health - - - Government Policy; Regulation; Public Health
    • K32 - Law and Economics - - Other Substantive Areas of Law - - - Energy, Environmental, Health, and Safety Law

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