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Empirical Models of Demand and Supply in Differentiated Products Industries

Author

Listed:
  • Amit Gandhi
  • Aviv Nevo

Abstract

This is an invited chapter for the forthcoming Volume 4 of the Handbook of Industrial Organization. We present empirical models of demand and supply in differentiated products industries with an emphasis on the key ideas arising from the recent applied literature. We start with a discussion of the challenges in modeling and estimation of demand for differentiated products, and focus on discrete choice characteristics-based demand models that address these challenges while allowing enough flexibility to capture realistic substitution patterns. Our discussion emphasizes how empirical strategies can leverage different features of data depending on the sources of variation that are commonly found in applied work. Moving to the supply-side, we show how demand estimates combined with a pricing model, can be used to recover markups and marginal costs. We also show how the model of pricing can be tested. We discuss a baseline Bertrand-Nash model of competitive pricing, and expand it to cover a) coordinated pricing, b) wholesale relationships, and c) bargaining. We end the chapter with extensions of the demand model, including dynamic and continuous demand.

Suggested Citation

  • Amit Gandhi & Aviv Nevo, 2021. "Empirical Models of Demand and Supply in Differentiated Products Industries," NBER Working Papers 29257, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    • Handle: RePEc:nbr:nberwo:29257
    Note: EH IO LS PE PR TWP
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Mogens Fosgerau & Julien Monardo & André de Palma, 2024. "The Inverse Product Differentiation Logit Model," American Economic Journal: Microeconomics, American Economic Association, vol. 16(4), pages 329-370, November.
    2. Mogens Fosgerau & Julien Monardo & André de Palma, 2019. "The Inverse Product Differentiation Logit Model," Working Papers hal-02183411, HAL.
    3. Hao Lan & Tim A. Lloyd & Steve McCorriston & Christopher Wyn Morgan, 2022. "Retailer heterogeneity and price transmission," American Journal of Agricultural Economics, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 104(5), pages 1679-1700, October.
    4. Victor Aguirregabiria & Alessandro Iaria & Senay Sokullu, 2023. "Identification and Estimation of Demand Models with Endogenous Product Entry and Exit," Working Papers tecipa-755, University of Toronto, Department of Economics.
    5. Mohapatra, Debashrita, 2024. "Estimating substitution patterns and demand curvature in Discrete-Choice models of product differentiation," 2024 Annual Meeting, July 28-30, New Orleans, LA 343538, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association.
    6. Mansley, Ryan & Miller, Nathan H. & Sheu, Gloria & Weinberg, Matthew C., 2023. "A price leadership model for merger analysis," International Journal of Industrial Organization, Elsevier, vol. 89(C).
    7. Cincotta, Costanza & Thomassen, Øyvind, 2023. "Evaluating Norway’s electric vehicle incentives," Discussion Papers 2023/19, Norwegian School of Economics, Department of Business and Management Science.
    8. Takeshi Fukasawa, 2022. "The Biases in Applying Static Demand Models under Dynamic Demand," Discussion Paper Series DP2022-18, Research Institute for Economics & Business Administration, Kobe University, revised Jul 2022.
    9. Luo, Jinjing & Moschini, GianCarlo & Perry, Edward D., 2023. "Switching costs in the US seed industry: Technology adoption and welfare impacts," International Journal of Industrial Organization, Elsevier, vol. 89(C).

    More about this item

    JEL classification:

    • C01 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - General - - - Econometrics
    • D12 - Microeconomics - - Household Behavior - - - Consumer Economics: Empirical Analysis
    • D22 - Microeconomics - - Production and Organizations - - - Firm Behavior: Empirical Analysis
    • D43 - Microeconomics - - Market Structure, Pricing, and Design - - - Oligopoly and Other Forms of Market Imperfection
    • L13 - Industrial Organization - - Market Structure, Firm Strategy, and Market Performance - - - Oligopoly and Other Imperfect Markets

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