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Monetary Policy and Reaching for Income

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  • Kent Daniel
  • Lorenzo Garlappi
  • Kairong Xiao

Abstract

We study the impact of monetary policy on investors' portfolio choices and asset prices. Using data on individual portfolio holdings and on mutual fund flows, we find that a low-interest-rate monetary policy increases investors' demand for high-dividend stocks and drives up their prices. The increase in demand is more pronounced among investors who fund consumption using dividend income. To explain these empirical findings, we develop an asset pricing model in which investors have quasi-hyperbolic time preferences and use dividend income as a commitment device to curb their tendency to over-consume. When accommodative monetary policy lowers interest rates, it reduces the income stream from bonds and induces investors who want to keep a desired level of consumption to "reach for income'' by tilting their portfolio toward high-dividend stocks. Our finding suggests that low-interest-rate monetary policy may influence the risk premium of income-generating assets, lead to under-diversification of investors' portfolios, and cause redistributive effects across firms that differ in their dividend policy.

Suggested Citation

  • Kent Daniel & Lorenzo Garlappi & Kairong Xiao, 2018. "Monetary Policy and Reaching for Income," NBER Working Papers 25344, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
  • Handle: RePEc:nbr:nberwo:25344
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    Cited by:

    1. Campbell, John Y. & Sigalov, Roman, 2022. "Portfolio choice with sustainable spending: A model of reaching for yield," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 143(1), pages 188-206.
    2. Caterina Forti Grazzini & Chi Hyun Kim, 2020. "Is Monetary Policy Gender Neutral? Evidence from the Stock Market," Discussion Papers of DIW Berlin 1841, DIW Berlin, German Institute for Economic Research.
    3. Korevaar, Matthijs, 2023. "Reaching for yield and the housing market: Evidence from 18th-century Amsterdam," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 148(3), pages 273-296.
    4. Fricke, Daniel, 2021. "Synthetic Leverage and Fund Risk-Taking," ESRB Working Paper Series 126, European Systemic Risk Board.
    5. Ainsworth, Andrew & Lee, Adrian D., 2023. "Sharing the dividend tax credit pie: The influence of individual investors on ex-dividend day returns," Journal of Financial Markets, Elsevier, vol. 62(C).
    6. Jiang, Hao & Sun, Zheng, 2020. "Reaching for dividends," Journal of Monetary Economics, Elsevier, vol. 115(C), pages 321-338.
    7. Nina Boyarchenko & Giovanni Favara & Moritz Schularick, 2022. "Financial Stability Considerations for Monetary Policy: Empirical Evidence and Challenges," Staff Reports 1003, Federal Reserve Bank of New York.
    8. Tayyaba Mukhtar & Muhammad Zeeshan Younas, 2019. "Monetary Policy Transmission Mechanism of Pakistan: Evidence from Bank Lending and Asset Price Channels," Asian Journal of Economic Modelling, Asian Economic and Social Society, vol. 7(3), pages 121-139, September.
    9. Kaehny, Maximilian & Herweg, Fabian, 2022. "Do Zombies Rise When Interest Rates Fall? A Relationship-Banking Model," VfS Annual Conference 2022 (Basel): Big Data in Economics 264126, Verein für Socialpolitik / German Economic Association.
    10. Giuzio, Margherita & Kaufmann, Christoph & Ryan, Ellen & Cappiello, Lorenzo, 2021. "Investment funds, risk-taking, and monetary policy in the euro area," Working Paper Series 2605, European Central Bank.
    11. Kaufmann, Christoph & Leyva, Jaime & Storz, Manuela, 2024. "Insurance corporations’ balance sheets, financial stability and monetary policy," Working Paper Series 2892, European Central Bank.
    12. Warinthip Worasak & Nuwat Nookhwun & Pongpitch Amatyakul, 2022. "Monetary Policy and Risk-Taking: Evidence from Thai Corporate Bond Markets," PIER Discussion Papers 186, Puey Ungphakorn Institute for Economic Research.
    13. Carlos Garriga & Pedro Gete & Athena Tsouderou, 2023. "The economic effects of real estate investors," Real Estate Economics, American Real Estate and Urban Economics Association, vol. 51(3), pages 655-685, May.
    14. Hackethal, Andreas & Hanspal, Tobin & Hartzmark, Samuel M. & Bräuer, Konstantin, 2024. "Educating investors about dividends," SAFE Working Paper Series 420, Leibniz Institute for Financial Research SAFE.
    15. Jonathan Goldberg & Elizabeth C. Klee & Edward Simpson Prescott & Paul R. Wood, 2020. "Monetary Policy Strategies and Tools: Financial Stability Considerations," Finance and Economics Discussion Series 2020-074, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (U.S.).
    16. Kumar, Alok & Lei, Zicheng & Zhang, Chendi, 2022. "Dividend sentiment, catering incentives, and return predictability," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 72(C).
    17. Fabian Herweg & Maximilian Kähny, 2022. "Do Zombies Rise when Interest Rates Fall? A Relationship Banking Model," CESifo Working Paper Series 9628, CESifo.

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    JEL classification:

    • E50 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit - - - General
    • G11 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - Portfolio Choice; Investment Decisions
    • G4 - Financial Economics - - Behavioral Finance

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