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Dépenses privées et publiques de R&D en Belgique - Nouveau diagnostic en vue de l'objectif "Europe 2020"

Author

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  • I. CLERBOIS

    (Centre de recherches en Economie Régionale et Politique Economique (CERPE), Université de Namur)

  • C. ERNAELSTEEN

    (Centre de recherches en Economie Régionale et Politique Economique (CERPE), Université de Namur)

  • M. DEJARDIN

    (Centre de recherches en Economie Régionale et Politique Economique (CERPE), Université de Namur)

Abstract

À travers l'initiative " une union pour l'innovation ", un des piliers de la stratégie 2020, l'Union Européenne (UE) a attribué, à chacun de ses membres, un objectif à atteindre en termes de dépenses intérieures en recherche et développement (DIRD) exprimées en pourcentage du produit intérieur brut (PIB). L'objectif pour la Belgique stipule que, en 2020, 3% du PIB national devra être affecté à la recherche et développement (R&D) dont deux tiers en provenance du secteur privé. À partir des dernières observations disponibles, lesquelles sont relatives à l'année 2015, le présent cahier de recherche dresse un constat quant aux efforts entrepris par le passé et s'interroge sur ceux restant à fournir pour que la Belgique atteigne son objectif. En 2015, les DIRD belges représentaient 2,47% du PIB national, contre 2,05% du PIB cinq ans plus tôt. Selon nos estimations, les DIRD devraient donc croître de 7,61% en moyenne par an entre 2015 et 2020 pour atteindre l'objectif. Cet effort peut paraître considérable mais doit être mis en perspective avec le retard accumulé dans les efforts produits par le passé. Ce cachier de recherche s'est également intéressé à la répartition régionale des efforts à fournir pour atteindre, globalement, 3% du PIB national. Plusieurs scénarions ont été développés et analysés. Pour estimer les efforts régionaux à fournir d'ici 2020, les scénarios tiennent compte des disparités, d'une part, dans les DIRD initialement observées dans chacune des régions et, d'autre part, dans les efforts entrepris jusqu'en 2015. Il ressort de notre analyse que, quel que soit le scénario envisagé, les régions doivent encore fournir d'importants efforts en matière de financement de la R&D, en particulier pour les sources de financement publiques (les Pouvoirs publics) ou quasi publiques (l'enseignement supérieur). Aussi, ce cahier de recherche plaide-t-il pour moins de procrastination lorsque des efforts sont à fournir et pour une politique en matière de R&D mieux concertée nationalement. Une politique de R&D, orientée au plus tôt vers la stimulation de la croissance de long terme et favorisant la convergence des régions, serait porteuse de fruits.

Suggested Citation

  • I. Clerbois & C. Ernaelsteen & M. Dejardin, 2018. "Dépenses privées et publiques de R&D en Belgique - Nouveau diagnostic en vue de l'objectif "Europe 2020"," Serie Politique Economique 91, Université de Namur, Centre de Recherches en Economie Regionale et Politique Economique.
    • Handle: RePEc:nam:spolec:1801
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    File URL: http://www.unamur.be/eco/economie/cerpe/cahiers/cahiers/cahier91
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    3. Bernadette Biatour & Coraline Daubresse & Chantal Kegels, 2012. "Working Paper 04-12 - Le système d’innovation en Wallonie," Working Papers 1204, Federal Planning Bureau, Belgium.
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