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A Quantile Regression Approach to Panel Data Analysis of Health Care Expenditure in OECD Countries

Author

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  • Fengping Tian
  • Jiti Gao
  • Ke Yang

Abstract

This article investigates the variation in the effects of various determinants on the per capita health care expenditure. A total of 28 OECD countries are studied over the period 1990-2012, employing an instrumental variable quantile regression method for a dynamic panel model with fixed effects. The results show that the determinants of per capita health care expenditure do vary with the distribution of the health care expenditure growth, while the change patterns are dissimilar. Specifically, the lagged health spending growth has a significantly positive effect, with an effect that decreases towards the higher quantiles of growth of per capita health care expenditure. Per capita GDP has a significantly positive effect, both the short and long run income elasticities are smaller than one, and health care is a necessity. The density of physicians only has a significant negative effect at the lower tail of the distribution. The elderly population has the reverse effect at the lower and upper tails, and this shows an upward trend with the increase in health expenditure growth. Life expectancy has an effect similar to the proportion of the old. Variable representing Baumol's model of "unbalanced growth" theory has a significantly positive effect, and the change pattern of its influence shows a marked upward trend. However, one component of "Baumol variable", labor productivity, only shows significant effect in the low half of the distribution. More attention needs to be paid to the influence of determinants in health expenditure study.

Suggested Citation

  • Fengping Tian & Jiti Gao & Ke Yang, 2016. "A Quantile Regression Approach to Panel Data Analysis of Health Care Expenditure in OECD Countries," Monash Econometrics and Business Statistics Working Papers 20/16, Monash University, Department of Econometrics and Business Statistics.
    • Handle: RePEc:msh:ebswps:2016-20
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    File URL: http://business.monash.edu/econometrics-and-business-statistics/research/publications/ebs/wp20-16.pdf
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Xiaocang Xu & Zhiming Xu & Linhong Chen & Chang Li, 2019. "How Does Industrial Waste Gas Emission Affect Health Care Expenditure in Different Regions of China: An Application of Bayesian Quantile Regression," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(15), pages 1-12, August.
    2. Mujaheed Shaikh & Afschin Gandjour, 2019. "Pharmaceutical expenditure and gross domestic product: Evidence of simultaneous effects using a two‐step instrumental variables strategy," Health Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 28(1), pages 101-122, January.
    3. Linhong Chen & Yue Zhuo & Zhiming Xu & Xiaocang Xu & Xin Gao, 2019. "Is Carbon Dioxide (CO 2 ) Emission an Important Factor Affecting Healthcare Expenditure? Evidence from China, 2005–2016," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(20), pages 1-14, October.
    4. Anne Mason & Idaira Rodriguez Santana & María José Aragón & Nigel Rice & Martin Chalkley & Raphael Wittenberg & Jose-Luis Fernandez, 2019. "Drivers of health care expenditure: Final report," Working Papers 169cherp, Centre for Health Economics, University of York.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    health care expenditure; quantile regression; OECD countries; unbalanced growth;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • C22 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Single Equation Models; Single Variables - - - Time-Series Models; Dynamic Quantile Regressions; Dynamic Treatment Effect Models; Diffusion Processes
    • C23 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Single Equation Models; Single Variables - - - Models with Panel Data; Spatio-temporal Models
    • I11 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Health - - - Analysis of Health Care Markets

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