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Human Capital by Gender: A G20 and Selected Geographies Perspective

Author

Listed:
  • Fraumeni, Barbara M.

    (Central University of Finance and Economics)

  • Liu, Gang

    (Statistics Norway)

  • Managi, Shunsuke

    (Kyushu University)

Abstract

This working paper identifies the sources of human capital growth for the observation period 1990–2020 by region, gender and various determinants. It is a preliminary version of a forthcoming UNESCO/ Kyushu University Urban Institute Inclusive Wealth Report 2023 chapter. It focuses on five important country groups by gender - Asia, Africa, Latin America, the G20, and the EU - to highlight the differences between them. Human capital per capita varies significantly across countries in each group. Education and human capital is unevenly distributed among males and females, although both total and per capita human capital have grown over time in almost all countries. The paper concludes that attention must be paid to what has happened to the world's gender-disaggregated levels of education and human capital per capita over time. The future sustainability of nations and the well-being of individuals within nations depend on the continuation of historical progress.

Suggested Citation

  • Fraumeni, Barbara M. & Liu, Gang & Managi, Shunsuke, 2024. "Human Capital by Gender: A G20 and Selected Geographies Perspective," IZA Discussion Papers 16752, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    • Handle: RePEc:iza:izadps:dp16752
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Arrow, Kenneth J. & Dasgupta, Partha & Goulder, Lawrence H. & Mumford, Kevin J. & Oleson, Kirsten, 2012. "Sustainability and the measurement of wealth," Environment and Development Economics, Cambridge University Press, vol. 17(3), pages 317-353, June.
    2. Barro, Robert J. & Lee, Jong Wha, 2013. "A new data set of educational attainment in the world, 1950–2010," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 104(C), pages 184-198.
    3. repec:bla:scandj:v:94:y:1992:i:0:p:s51-70 is not listed on IDEAS
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    human capital; country wealth; gender; country groups;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • I21 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Education - - - Analysis of Education
    • J16 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demographic Economics - - - Economics of Gender; Non-labor Discrimination
    • J24 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor - - - Human Capital; Skills; Occupational Choice; Labor Productivity
    • O57 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economywide Country Studies - - - Comparative Studies of Countries

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