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Population Aging in India: Facts, Issues, and Options

Author

Listed:
  • Agarwal, Arunika

    (Harvard School of Public Health)

  • Lubet, Alyssa

    (Harvard School of Public Health)

  • Mitgang, Elizabeth

    (Harvard School of Public Health)

  • Mohanty, Sanjay

    (International Institute for Population Sciences)

  • Bloom, David E.

    (Harvard School of Public Health)

Abstract

India, one of the world's two population superpowers, is undergoing unprecedented demographic changes. Increasing longevity and falling fertility have resulted in a dramatic increase in the population of adults aged 60 and up, in both absolute and relative terms. This change presents wide-ranging and complex health, social, and economic challenges, both current and future, to which this diverse and heterogeneous country must rapidly adapt. This chapter first lays out the context, scope, and magnitude of India's demographic changes. It then details the major challenges these shifts pose in the interconnected areas of health, especially the massive challenges of a growing burden of noncommunicable diseases; gender, particularly the needs and vulnerabilities of an increasingly female older adult population; and income security. This chapter also presents an overview of India's recent and ongoing initiatives to adapt to population aging and provide support to older adults and their families. It concludes with policy recommendations that may serve as a productive next step forward, keeping in mind the need for urgent and timely action on the part of government, private companies, researchers, and general population.

Suggested Citation

  • Agarwal, Arunika & Lubet, Alyssa & Mitgang, Elizabeth & Mohanty, Sanjay & Bloom, David E., 2016. "Population Aging in India: Facts, Issues, and Options," IZA Discussion Papers 10162, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    • Handle: RePEc:iza:izadps:dp10162
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. World Bank, 2015. "World Development Indicators 2015," World Bank Publications - Books, The World Bank Group, number 21634.
    2. David Bloom & Perry Hu & P. Arokiasamy & Arun Risbud & T. V. Sekher & S. K. Mohanty & Varsha Kale & Jennifer O'Brien & Sandy Chien & Jinkook Lee, 2014. "Longitudinal Aging Study In India Biomarker Data Documentation," Working Papers WR-1043, RAND Corporation.
    3. Oecd, 2016. "Intergovernmental organisation activities," Nuclear Law Bulletin, OECD Publishing, vol. 2016(1), pages 95-102.
    4. David E. Bloom & Ajay Mahal & Larry Rosenberg & Jaypee Sevilla, 2010. "Economic security arrangements in the context of population ageing in India," International Social Security Review, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 63(3‐4), pages 59-89, July.
    5. Yoshihiko Kadoya & Ting Yin, 2012. "Widow Discrimination and Family Care-Giving in India," ISER Discussion Paper 0858, Institute of Social and Economic Research, The University of Osaka.
    6. World Bank, 2007. "World Development Indicators 2007," World Bank Publications - Books, The World Bank Group, number 8150.
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    1. Anil Kumar Goswami & Ramadass S. & Mani Kalaivani & Baridalyne Nongkynrih & Shashi Kant & Sanjeev Kumar Gupta, 2019. "Disability and its association with sociodemographic factors among elderly persons residing in an urban resettlement colony, New Delhi, India," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 14(9), pages 1-12, September.
    2. Hu, Shu & Das, Dhiman, 2019. "Quality of life among older adults in China and India: Does productive engagement help?," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 229(C), pages 144-153.
    3. Suparna Saha & Sanghamitra Basu & Debapratim Pandit, 2022. "Identifying Factors Influencing Perceived Quality of Life (QoL) of Indian Elderly: Case Study of Kolkata, India," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 160(2), pages 867-907, April.
    4. Gaurab Das Mahapatra & Suguru Mori & Rie Nomura, 2023. "Reviewing the Universal Mobility of the Footpaths in the Centers of Historic Indian Cities through Field Survey," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(10), pages 1-21, May.
    5. Veena S. Kulkarni & Vani S. Kulkarni & Raghav Gaiha, 2018. "Aging, disability and disease in India," Global Development Institute Working Paper Series 302018, GDI, The University of Manchester.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    population aging; economic demography; longevity;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • J11 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demographic Economics - - - Demographic Trends, Macroeconomic Effects, and Forecasts
    • J14 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demographic Economics - - - Economics of the Elderly; Economics of the Handicapped; Non-Labor Market Discrimination
    • N30 - Economic History - - Labor and Consumers, Demography, Education, Health, Welfare, Income, Wealth, Religion, and Philanthropy - - - General, International, or Comparative

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