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Structural changes in the employment structure of India in 2012-2020: job upgrading or polarization?

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Abstract

This paper analyses employment growth across occupations and sectors in India for the period that goes from 2011-12 to 2019-20. Using data from the National Sample Survey Organisation and the Periodic Labour Force Survey, this study finds evidence of mid-upgrading (relatively higher employment growth in low-mid paid and high-paid jobs) in India during the study period, where jobs are ranked using median daily wages in 2011-12. A decomposition analysis reveals that this pattern is due to the employment growth in jobs in Construction, Wholesale & retail trade, and Transport, storage and communication industries in India. The study also finds a reduction in the employment share of routine task intensive occupations along with a growth in employment in non-routine task intensive occupations (both manual and cognitive) in both rural and urban India.

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  • Sudipa Sarkar & Sergio Torrejón Pérez, 2023. "Structural changes in the employment structure of India in 2012-2020: job upgrading or polarization?," JRC Working Papers on Labour, Education and Technology 2023-06, Joint Research Centre.
    • Handle: RePEc:ipt:laedte:202306
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    File URL: https://publications.jrc.ec.europa.eu/repository/handle/JRC134322
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    Keywords

    employment change; job polarization; technological change; India;
    All these keywords.

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