Author
Listed:
- Fabiano Mezadre Pompermayer
Abstract
Este Texto para Discussão apresenta uma simulação de parceria público-privada para a manutenção e a operação de todas as rodovias federais pavimentadas. Para tanto, avalia a distribuição de benefícios e custos entre contribuintes, governo e usuários das rodovias como forma de definir valores de pedágio que sejam bancáveis pelos usuários, aliviando o peso fiscal sobre todos os contribuintes com relação aos gastos com as rodovias. Propõe-se, então, o uso de modelo de concessão em que parte da receita do concessionário vem da cobrança de pedágio e outra parte por disponibilidade pelo governo. Além disso, o concessionário deve pagar ao governo um valor de outorga por cada veículo que pagar pedágio, de forma que o valor total seja variável com a demanda. Tal mecanismo, além de reduzir o risco de demanda alocado ao concessionário, permite subsídio cruzado das rodovias com alto volume de tráfego para as de baixo volume. Considerando os custos médios de operação e manutenção de rodovias concedidas, avaliou-se se a arrecadação com os pedágios propostos seria suficiente para cobrir os custos. Os resultados indicam que mesmo considerando apenas as rodovias ainda não concedidas, em geral de baixo tráfego, os custos fiscais de tal modelo seriam menores que a média de gastos executados pelo Departamento Nacional de Infraestrutura de Transportes (DNIT) com manutenção e operação das rodovias federais. Garantir-seia, ainda, nível de qualidade superior ao atual, com benefícios diretos aos usuários e indiretos a toda a sociedade. This article presents a simulation of Public-Private Partnership for the maintenance and operation of all paved federal highways. To do so, we evaluate the distribution of benefits and costs between taxpayers, government and road users as a way to set toll values bankable by users, easing the tax burden on all taxpayers with regard to spending on highways. Then, we propose the use of a concession model in which part of the concessionaire’s revenue comes from toll collection and part from payment for availability by the government. In addition, the concessionaire must pay the government a grant value per vehicle, so that the total amount of the grant is variable with the demand. Such a mechanism, in addition to reducing the demand risk allocated to the concessionaire, allows cross-subsidization of highways with high traffic volume for the low volume ones. Considering the average costs of operation and maintenance of highways under concession, we evaluate if the collection with the proposed tolls would be sufficient to cover the costs. The results indicate that even considering only the roads not conceded yet, generally low traffic, the fiscal costs of such a model would be smaller than the average expenditures executed by DNIT with maintenance and operation of federal highways. And also ensure higher level of quality, with direct benefits to users and indirect ones to the whole society.
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