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O Fim do Fator Previdenciário e a Introdução da Idade Mínima: questões para a previdência social no Brasil

Author

Listed:
  • Marcelo Abi-Ramia Caetano
  • Leonardo Alves Rangel
  • Eduardo da Silva Pereira
  • Graziela Ansiliero
  • Henrique Paiva

Abstract

Este estudo tem como objetivos: i) avaliar as recentes alterações no fator previdenciário, do Regime Geral de Previdência Social (RGPS), produzidas pela Lei no 13.183, de 4 de novembro de 2015, e seus impactos distributivos e financeiros, de curto e longo prazo; ii) apresentar, de forma comparativa, as regras da aposentadoria por tempo de contribuição (ATC) do RGPS; e iii) avaliar cenários de introdução de idade mínima para aposentadoria nesse regime. O virtual fim do fator previdenciário (Lei no 13.318/2015) eleva as despesas previdenciárias brasileiras no longo prazo e as torna mais regressivas, o que aumenta as desigualdades individuais e regionais de renda. Isso é preocupante, já que a trajetória das despesas com benefícios do RGPS aponta para forte crescimento no longo prazo (2060). Em parte, essa trajetória é consequência das regras brasileiras de ATCs, que não respeitam a boa prática internacional e são adotadas por apenas outros treze países – em 177 cujas regras são compiladas pela Associação Internacional de Seguridade Social (AISS). A evolução demográfica projetada para as próximas décadas torna o quadro da administração previdenciária desafiador: em 2060, teremos cerca de duas pessoas em idade ativa (entre os 15 e os 64 anos) para cada idoso de 65 anos ou mais. O cenário de adoção da idade mínima de 65/60 anos para homens/mulheres melhora, na margem, a trajetória das despesas previdenciárias – mas outras reformas se mostram necessárias. The objectives of this paper are i) to assess the recent changes in the “actuarial factor” and their distributive and financial impacts in the short and long term. The actuarial factor was created in 1999 to adjust the individual benefit level according to age, time of contribution and life expectancy at the time benefit is granted and was made optional by Law 13.183/2015; ii) to present the rules of old age pensions in Brazil, from a comparative perspective; and iii) to assess scenarios for pension reforms in Brazil, considering the introduction of a minimum wage rule.Law 13.318/2015 will increase social security expenditures in the long term (as compared to the previous scenario) and make these expenditures more regressive, increasing individual and regional economic inequalities in Brazil. As projections for the basic scenario already suggest a strong increase in social security expenditures, any additional increase is a reason for concern. Projections for the basic scenario are influenced by rules for old age pensions in Brazil, that do not follow the international best practices and that are adopted in only 13 other countries (among the 177 whose regulations are compiled by the International Social Security Association).Projections for the demographic evolution over the next decades point to a challenging scenario regarding the social security management in Brazil. By 2060, the country will have two working-age people for each person aged 65 or more. Adopting a minimum age threshold of 65/60 years for men/women, respectively, to have access to old age pensions will only marginally improve the trajectory of social security expenditures in the long term – suggesting that other reforms will be necessary.

Suggested Citation

  • Marcelo Abi-Ramia Caetano & Leonardo Alves Rangel & Eduardo da Silva Pereira & Graziela Ansiliero & Henrique Paiva, 2016. "O Fim do Fator Previdenciário e a Introdução da Idade Mínima: questões para a previdência social no Brasil," Discussion Papers 2230, Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada - IPEA.
  • Handle: RePEc:ipe:ipetds:2230
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    Cited by:

    1. Lanza Queiroz, Bernardo & Lobo Alves Ferreira, Matheus, 2021. "The evolution of labor force participation and the expected length of retirement in Brazil," The Journal of the Economics of Ageing, Elsevier, vol. 18(C).
    2. Queiroz, Bernardo L & Ferreira, Matheus L.A., 2018. "The Evolution of the Elderly Labor Force Participation and Retirement in Brazil," OSF Preprints db54h, Center for Open Science.

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