Author
Listed:
- Bruno de Oliveira Cruz
- Iuri Vladimir Queiroz
Abstract
A elevação das taxas de investimento no país está entre os principais objetivos de política econômica para garantir o crescimento sustentável nos próximos anos. Uma das preocupações dos pesquisadores regionais é que o perfil da distribuição espacial destes investimentos redimensione e arrefeça o processo de desconcentração industrial observado nas últimas duas décadas. Além disso, importante pilar da política regional seria o de complementação das cadeias produtivas a partir dos investimentos em curso. Este trabalho tenta contribuir com esta discussão, tendo como base a avaliação do perfil dos investimentos previstos pelo Banco Nacional de Desenvolvimento Econômico e Social (BNDES) para o período 2014-2017. Analisam-se os efeitos encadeados dos investimentos previstos utilizando a matriz insumo-produto de 2005. Com o detalhamento setorial dos efeitos encadeados, é possível avaliar a distribuição espacial destas indústrias, com base em dados da Relação Anual de Informações Sociais (RAIS), levantando alguns indícios sobre possíveis impactos regionais destes investimentos. Para analisar a distribuição espacial, utilizam-se diversos indicadores de correlação espacial e indicadores de colocalização, como o proposto por Elisson, Glaeser e Kerr (2010). Em outras palavras, a partir dos efeitos encadeadores e da atual estrutura industrial, avalia-se o padrão de colocalização das indústrias com investimentos previstos e indústrias afetadas tanto a jusante como a montante do processo produtivo. In a recent report, BNDES, a major bank financing investment in Brazil, announced that investment in some selected sector for the period 2014-2017 could reach the impressive US$ 275 billion. Oil and Gas, vehicle and automobile, pulp and paper, electronics, chemistry, Steel mill are among the sector which would expand activities in the next four years. In a very important paper, Ellison, Glaeser and Kerr (2010) showed that input-output linkages are the most important variable to explain industries co-agglomeration. Those investments perspectives open a new possibility for regional policies, following the results of EGK, one could estimate the backward and forward linkages and possibility to co-agglomerate industries, given the potential investment in the sectors described above. The objective of this paper is to identify the backward and forward linkages of the investment matrix for the period 2014 and estimate the spatialdistribution of those sectors in backward and forward linkages with the original initial investment. In other words, we apply the co-agglomerations indexes to asses which sector has the highest probability, given an investment in a sector, for instance Oil and Gas and backward/forward linkage, the co-agglomerate. The identification of those sectors can shed some lights on sectors policy makers could successfully support and can improve the performance of the regional policies.
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