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As novas estratégias de internacionalização da produção residem no fato de muitas indústrias saírem da condição de entidades delimitadas nacionalmente para a condição de redes de negócios fragmentadas, em termos organizacionais e globalmente distribuídas, levando as empresas a se envolverem na produção de um bem ou serviço desde a sua concepção até o consumo final. Esta nova estratégia – que ganha força principalmente a partir dos anos 1990, com a globalização produtiva – é mais conhecida como cadeia global de valor (CGV). A indústria automotiva mundial, como muitas outras, está no meio deste processo de transição profunda. Desde meados da década de 1980, há um processo de transição de indústrias nacionais localizadas em um número limitado de países para uma indústria global mais integrada. Fatores como saturação do mercado, altos níveis de motorização e pressões políticas sobre montadoras para produzir onde se vendem têm incentivado a dispersão da montagem final, fazendo que a produção aconteça em maislugares que há trinta anos. Portanto, o objetivo deste TD é analisar o funcionamento da CGV da indústria automobilística, sua dinâmica e tendência, levando em consideração a organização do processo produtivo na economia mundial e seu comércio exterior. The new strategies of internationalization of production lie in the fact many industries leave the condition of bounded entities nationally for the condition of fragmented business networks, in organizational terms, globally distributed, leading companies to engage in the production of a good or service, from conception to consumption. This new strategy, which gains strength mainly from the 1990s to the productive globalization, is best known as Global Value Chains (GVCs). The global automotive industry, like many others, is in the midst of this profound transition. Since the mid-1980s, there is a transition from national industries located in a limited number of countries for a more integrated global industry. Factors such as market saturation, high levels of motorization and political pressure on automakers to produce where they sell have encouraged the dispersion of final assembly, making the production happen in many more places than thirty years ago. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to analyze the functioning of the global value chain of the automotive industry, its dynamics and trends, taking into account the organization of the production process in the world economy and its foreign trade.
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