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A Ascensão Naval Chinesa e as Disputas Territoriais Marítimas no Leste Asíatico

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  • Rodrigo Fracalossi de Moraes

Abstract

O texto tem como objetivo analisar as relações entre as disputas por territórios marítimos no Leste da Ásia, a situação marítima desfavorável da China e o fortalecimento militar do país a partir da primeira metade dos anos 1990. A partir dos dados coletados, indicam-se os elementos que tornam a China um país com uma situação marítima desfavorável e apontam-se as principais características da modernização militar chinesa (particularmente no segmento naval) e das disputas marítimas no Leste da Ásia. Conclui-se que tem ocorrido na China, sobretudo desde o início dos anos 2000, uma modernização significativa do poder militar nacional, em conjunto com maior prioridade atribuída ao poder naval. Embora este último tenha como objetivo primordial a negação do uso do mar, há elementos que indicam a formação de uma marinha voltada também à projeção de poder. Os dados indicam, além disso, que há uma rápida redistribuição de recursos de poder militar no Leste da Ásia em favor da China, expandindo-se as possibilidades de sucesso de uma eventual ação militar do país naquele espaço. Conclui-se, ainda, que a superioridade da China é mais evidente no Mar do Sul da China, espaço no qual há menor presença militar dos Estados Unidos e onde os países lindeiros possuem recursos mais limitados em comparação aos países do Mar da China Oriental. The paper aims to analyze the relations between the disputes over maritime territories in East Asia, the unfavorable maritime situation of China, and the Chinese military build-up from the early 1990s onwards. From the data collected, it indicates the aspects that make China a country with an unfavorable maritime situation. It also indicates the main features of China’s military modernization (particularly in the Navy) and of the maritime territorial disputes in East Asia. It follows that it has occurred in China, especially since the early 2000s, a significant modernization of the national military power, along with a higher priority assigned to naval power. Although sea denial capabilities are still prevalent, there are evidences indicating the development of a power projection navy. Evidences indicate, moreover, a rapid redistribution of military power in East Asia in favor of China, expanding the possibilities of success of a Chinese military action in that space. Furthermore, superiority of China is most evident in the South China Sea, in which military presence of the United States is weaker and where countries have less resources when compared to countries in the East China Sea.

Suggested Citation

  • Rodrigo Fracalossi de Moraes, 2015. "A Ascensão Naval Chinesa e as Disputas Territoriais Marítimas no Leste Asíatico," Discussion Papers 2058, Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada - IPEA.
  • Handle: RePEc:ipe:ipetds:2058
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