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Previdência Social e Desigualdade Regional no Brasil: Uma Abordagem Multiescalar

Author

Listed:
  • Marcelo Abi-Ramia Caetano
  • Leonardo Monteiro Monasterio

Abstract

O objetivo deste texto é analisar o impacto do Regime Geral de Previdência Social (RGPS) na distribuição regional da renda. O estudo examina os impactos da política previdenciária sobre a distribuição regional de renda no Brasil em distintas escalas por meio de um conjunto de testes econométricos. Usaram-se também medidas convencionais de equidade, como índices de Gini e de progressividade. Os resultados econométricos, com os devidos controles, indicam que a variável arrecadação por benefício está inversamente correlacionada com o nível do produto interno bruto (PIB) per capita. Isto indica, portanto, certa progressividade das transferências previdenciárias no Brasil. Ao nível municipal, um aumento de 1% do PIB per capita está associado ao aumento do quociente arrecadação/benefício de 0,73%. No mesmo sentido, a análise do índice de Gini para distribuição do PIB per capita por município sugere que tais transferências reduzem tal medida de 0,39 para 0,35. O estudo concluiu que o RGPS tributa mais fortemente as regiões mais ricas para pagar benefícios nas outras mais empobrecidas, qualquer que seja a escala municipal, micro ou mesorregional. Em todas elas, foi possível observar o caráter progressivo do RGPS. The aim of the paper is to analyze the impact of the General Social Security System (RGPS) on regional disparities in Brazil. The study examines the impact of social security on regional income distribution at different scales by means of econometric tests, and conventional measures of inequality, such as the Gini and progressiveness indexes. The econometric results, with appropriate controls, suggest that social security transfers are inversely correlated with gross domestic product (GDP) per capita. This indicates some regional progressivity of social security transfers in Brazil. At the municipal level, a 1% increase in GDP per capita is associated with a 0.73% increase in the revenues and benefits ratio of 0.73%. Similarly, the analysis of the regional Gini index for the distribution of GDP per capita by municipality shows that such transfers reduce that inequality measure of 0.39 to 0.35. The study concludes that RGPS taxes richer regions to finance benefits in impoverished areas at municipal, micro or mesoregional levels. At all scales, RGPS shows its progressivity.

Suggested Citation

  • Marcelo Abi-Ramia Caetano & Leonardo Monteiro Monasterio, 2014. "Previdência Social e Desigualdade Regional no Brasil: Uma Abordagem Multiescalar," Discussion Papers 1992, Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada - IPEA.
  • Handle: RePEc:ipe:ipetds:1992
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