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Hidrovias no Brasil: Perspectiva Histórica Custos e Institucionalidade

Author

Listed:
  • Fabiano Mezadre Pompermayer
  • Carlos Álvares da Silva Campos Neto
  • Jean Marlo Pepino de Paula

Abstract

O transporte aquaviário é considerado o mais eficiente. Além disso, o Brasil possui diversos rios caudalosos, além de extensa costa marítima, características propícias à navegação. Entretanto, este modo de transporte é pouco utilizado no país, em especial a navegação interior. Este trabalho avalia as possíveis causas para isso. Partindo de uma perspectiva histórica, caracteriza-se uma hidrovia e avaliam-se as potencialidades de uso no país, em especial para o escoamento da produção agrícola. É feita, ainda, uma comparação entre os custos de operação e implantação de uma hidrovia e de uma ferrovia. Apesar de estes custos dependerem da navegabilidade natural do rio, a conta acaba sendo favorável à hidrovia, especialmente em rios de baixo e médio curso. A análise institucional indica que apesar de ser o modo de transporte que recebe menos investimentos públicos, há um maior número de órgãos envolvidos, com diversos planos e programas em andamento, mas sem a devida integração. Além disso, há carência de informações confiáveis sobre o custo dos investimentos necessários, agravada pelo fato de os Estudos de Viabilidade Técnica, Econômica e Ambiental (EVTEA) ainda estarem em elaboração, prejudicando a tomada de decisão sobre tais investimentos. A análise recomenda que a implantação e a operação de hidrovias sejam transferidas à iniciativa privada, por meio de concessão simples, com cobrança de pedágio, permitindo agilizar as obras necessárias e dando perspectivas de continuidade das operações aos transportadores, já que a manutenção das condições de navegabilidade das hidrovias não dependerá de recursos públicos. The waterway transportation is considered the most efficient. Moreover, Brazil has many rivers, besides the extensive coastline, appropriate to navigation. However, this mode of transport is not widely used in the country, especially inland. This study evaluates the possible causes for this. From a historical perspective, a waterway is characterized and its potential use in the country is evaluated, especially for the distribution of agricultural production. Costs of operation and deployment of a waterway are compared with a railroad. Despite these costs depend on the natural river navigability, the cost structure is favorable to the waterway, specially in rivers of low to medium course. Institutional analysis indicates that despite being the mode of transportation that gets less public investment, there are a greater number of public agents involved, with various plans and programs in progress, but without proper integration. Moreover, there is a lack of reliable information on the cost of investments needed, exacerbated by the fact that Technical, Economic and Environmental Feasibility Studies are still under development, impairing decision making on such investments. The review recommends that the implementation and operation of waterways should be transferred to the private sector through simple concessions, with toll collection, allowing expedite the necessary work and giving prospects for continuity of operations for carriers, since the maintenance of navigability on the waterways will not depend on public resources.

Suggested Citation

  • Fabiano Mezadre Pompermayer & Carlos Álvares da Silva Campos Neto & Jean Marlo Pepino de Paula, 2014. "Hidrovias no Brasil: Perspectiva Histórica Custos e Institucionalidade," Discussion Papers 1931, Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada - IPEA.
  • Handle: RePEc:ipe:ipetds:1931
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    Cited by:

    1. Schulz, Christopher & Martin-Ortega, Julia & Ioris, Antonio A.R. & Glenk, Klaus, 2017. "Applying a ‘Value Landscapes Approach’ to Conflicts in Water Governance: The Case of the Paraguay-Paraná Waterway," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 138(C), pages 47-55.
    2. Larranaga, Ana Margarita & Arellana, Julian & Senna, Luiz Afonso, 2017. "Encouraging intermodality: A stated preference analysis of freight mode choice in Rio Grande do Sul," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 102(C), pages 202-211.

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