Author
Listed:
- Natália Sátyro
- Sergei Soares
Abstract
Este texto visa analisar as mudanças na desigualdade da renda domiciliar per capita nos estados brasileiros entre 2004 e 2006 e estimar quanto desta mudança pode ser atribuída às transferências de renda não-contributivas por parte do governo federal: o Programa Bolsa Família (PBF) e o Benefício de Prestação Continuada (BPC). A metodologia usada é a decomposição fatorial do coeficiente de Gini ? ou seja, a decomposição por fontes de renda. Decompõe-se o coeficiente de Gini em uma soma ponderada dos coeficientes de concentração de cada fonte de renda onde os pesos de ponderação são a parcela da renda total atribuível àquela fonte de renda. Nossos resultados mostram que entre 2004 e 2006 houve queda de um ponto (x100) no coeficiente de Gini para o Brasil. Esta tendência nacional foi observada em quase todos os estados brasileiros, salvo em sete deles, e são especialmente preocupantes os grandes aumentos na desigualdade em Alagoas e no Maranhão. Quanto às causas, nossos resultados revelam um padrão regional. Nos estados do Norte e do Nordeste as transferências de renda, principalmente o PBF, são, sem dúvida, a principal causa da redução da desigualdade. A média não ponderada da relevância das transferências de renda nestes estados foi de quase metade da queda da desigualdade. No Nordeste, o PBF e o BPC foram responsáveis por 88% da queda da desigualdade (média não ponderada). Já nos estados do Sul, Sudeste e Centro-Oeste, o PBC e PBF foram, sem dúvida, importantes, mas a média não ponderada dos impactos das transferências foi de 24% da redução total da desigualdade. A renda do trabalho foi a principal responsável pela redução da desigualdade, respondendo por 53% da variação não ponderada. The objective of this text is to analyze the changes in inequality of household per capita income distribution in Brazilian states between 2004 and 2006 and estimate how much of the change is due to non-contributory income transfers from the federal government: Programa Bolsa Família (PBF) and Benefício de Prestação Continuada (BPC). The methodology used is decomposition of the Gini coefficient by factor components. The Gini coefficient is merely the sum of the concentration coefficients of each income source weighted by the relevance of each income source in total income. Our results are as follows. Between 2004 and 2006 the Gini coefficient fell by one Gini point (x100). This tendency was followed by all states bar seven, and increases in inequality in Alagoas and Maranhão are especially worrisome. A clear regional pattern can be found in the causes of the reduction in the internal inequality of the states. In the Northern and Northeaster states, income transfers, principally the PBF, were undoubtedly the driving force behind inequality reduction. In these regions BPC and PBF were responsible for half of total inequality reduction, on average (unweighted). The unweighted average in the Northeast was 88%. In the states of the South, Southwest and Center-West, BPC and PBF were important, but their contribution to the reduction in inequality was 24% on average (unweighted). In these areas labor income was the driving force behind inequality reduction, accounting for 53% of the unweighted average fall.
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Cited by:
- Pedro H. Leivas & Anderson M.A. dos Santos, 2016.
"Patterns and trends of group-based inequality in Brazil,"
WIDER Working Paper Series
127, World Institute for Development Economic Research (UNU-WIDER).
- Pedro H. G. Ferreira de Souza, 2012.
"Poverty, Inequality and Social Policies in Brazil, 1995-2009,"
Working Papers
87, International Policy Centre for Inclusive Growth.
- Pedro H. Leivas & Anderson M. A. dos Santos, 2016.
"Patterns and trends of group-based inequality in Brazil,"
WIDER Working Paper Series
wp-2016-127, World Institute for Development Economic Research (UNU-WIDER).
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