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Shadow Banking and Market Discipline on Traditional Banks

Author

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  • Mr. Anil Ari
  • Matthieu Darracq-Paries
  • Christoffer Kok

Abstract

We present a model in which shadow banking arises endogenously and undermines market discipline on traditional banks. Depositors' ability to re-optimize in response to crises imposes market discipline on traditional banks: these banks optimally commit to a safe portfolio strategy to prevent early withdrawals. With costly commitment, shadow banking emerges as an alternative banking strategy that combines high risk-taking with early liquidation in times of crisis. We bring the model to bear on the 2008 financial crisis in the United States, during which shadow banks experienced a sudden dry-up of funding and liquidated their assets. We derive an equilibrium in which the shadow banking sector expands to a size where its liquidation causes a fire-sale and exposes traditional banks to liquidity risk. Higher deposit rates in compensation for liquidity risk also weaken threats of early withdrawal and traditional banks pursue risky portfolios that may leave them in default. Policy interventions aimed at making traditional banks safer such as liquidity support, bank regulation and deposit insurance fuel further expansion of shadow banking but have a net positive impact on financial stability. Financial stability can also be achieved with a tax on shadow bank profits.

Suggested Citation

  • Mr. Anil Ari & Matthieu Darracq-Paries & Christoffer Kok, 2017. "Shadow Banking and Market Discipline on Traditional Banks," IMF Working Papers 2017/285, International Monetary Fund.
    • Handle: RePEc:imf:imfwpa:2017/285
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    Cited by:

    1. Luck, Stephan & Schempp, Paul, 2023. "Inefficient liquidity creation," Journal of Financial Intermediation, Elsevier, vol. 53(C).
    2. Borys Grochulski & Yuzhe Zhang, 2019. "Optimal liquidity policy with shadow banking," Economic Theory, Springer;Society for the Advancement of Economic Theory (SAET), vol. 68(4), pages 967-1015, November.
    3. Ridoy Deb Nath & Mohammad Ashraful Ferdous Chowdhury, 2021. "Shadow banking: a bibliometric and content analysis," Financial Innovation, Springer;Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, vol. 7(1), pages 1-29, December.
    4. Ayesha Afzal & Nawazish Mirza & Fatima Arshad, 2021. "Market discipline in South Asia: Evidence from commercial banking sector," International Journal of Finance & Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 26(2), pages 2251-2262, April.
    5. Financial Stability Committee, Task Force on cross-border Spillover Effects of macroprudential measures & Kok, Christoffer & Reinhardt, Dennis, 2020. "Cross-border spillover effects of macroprudential policies: a conceptual framework," Occasional Paper Series 242, European Central Bank.

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