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What is Shadow Banking?

Author

Listed:
  • Mr. Stijn Claessens
  • Mr. Lev Ratnovski

Abstract

There is much confusion about what shadow banking is. Some equate it with securitization, others with non-traditional bank activities, and yet others with non-bank lending. Regardless, most think of shadow banking as activities that can create systemic risk. This paper proposes to describe shadow banking as “all financial activities, except traditional banking, which require a private or public backstop to operate”. Backstops can come in the form of franchise value of a bank or insurance company, or in the form of a government guarantee. The need for a backstop is in our view a crucial feature of shadow banking, which distinguishes it from the “usual” intermediated capital market activities, such as custodians, hedge funds, leasing companies, etc.

Suggested Citation

  • Mr. Stijn Claessens & Mr. Lev Ratnovski, 2014. "What is Shadow Banking?," IMF Working Papers 2014/025, International Monetary Fund.
    • Handle: RePEc:imf:imfwpa:2014/025
    as

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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Nicola Gennaioli & Andrei Shleifer & Robert W. Vishny, 2013. "A Model of Shadow Banking," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 68(4), pages 1331-1363, August.
    2. Viral V. Acharya & T. Sabri Öncü, 2013. "A Proposal for the Resolution of Systemically Important Assets and Liabilities: The Case of the Repo Market," International Journal of Central Banking, International Journal of Central Banking, vol. 9(1), pages 291-351, January.
    3. Mr. Manmohan Singh, 2012. "Puts in the Shadow," IMF Working Papers 2012/229, International Monetary Fund.
    4. Stijn Claessens & Lev Ratnovski & Manmohan Singh, 2012. "Shadow Banking; Economics and Policy," IMF Staff Discussion Notes 12/12, International Monetary Fund.
    5. Manmohan Singh, 2013. "The Economics of Shadow Banking," RBA Annual Conference Volume (Discontinued), in: Alexandra Heath & Matthew Lilley & Mark Manning (ed.),Liquidity and Funding Markets, Reserve Bank of Australia.
    6. Mr. Zoltan Pozsar, 2011. "Institutional Cash Pools and the Triffin Dilemma of the U.S. Banking System," IMF Working Papers 2011/190, International Monetary Fund.
    7. Gorton, Gary & Metrick, Andrew, 2012. "Securitized banking and the run on repo," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 104(3), pages 425-451.
    8. Acharya, Viral V. & Khandwala, Hemal & Sabri Öncü, T., 2013. "The growth of a shadow banking system in emerging markets: Evidence from India," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 39(C), pages 207-230.
    9. Mr. Manmohan Singh & Mr. Zoltan Pozsar, 2011. "The Nonbank-Bank Nexus and the Shadow Banking System," IMF Working Papers 2011/289, International Monetary Fund.
    10. Mr. Stijn Claessens & Mr. Lev Ratnovski & Mr. Manmohan Singh, 2012. "Shadow Banking: Economics and Policy," IMF Staff Discussion Notes 2012/012, International Monetary Fund.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

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