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Income Distribution and Social Expenditure in Brazil

Author

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  • Mr. Benedict J. Clements

Abstract

This paper examines trends in income distribution in Brazil and the determinants of income inequality, including social expenditure. While recent data reveal reduced income inequality since the Real Plan of July 1994, the distribution of income is still among the most unequal in the world. Among the most important determinants of income inequality in Brazil is extreme disparity in educational attainment levels. Public expenditures on education, health, and social insurance have tended to exacerbate income inequality. A number of options for improving the equity and efficiency of Brazilian social expenditure merit further examination.

Suggested Citation

  • Mr. Benedict J. Clements, 1997. "Income Distribution and Social Expenditure in Brazil," IMF Working Papers 1997/120, International Monetary Fund.
    • Handle: RePEc:imf:imfwpa:1997/120
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    Cited by:

    1. Iris Claus & Jorge Martinez-Vazquez & VIoleta Vulovic, 2012. "Government Fiscal Policies and Redistribution in Asian Countries," International Center for Public Policy Working Paper Series, at AYSPS, GSU paper1213, International Center for Public Policy, Andrew Young School of Policy Studies, Georgia State University.
    2. Baer, Werner & Galvão Jr., Antonio Fialho, 2008. "Tax burden, government expenditures and income distribution in Brazil," The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 48(2), pages 345-358, May.
    3. Jorge Martínez-Vázquez & Violeta Vulovic & Blanca Moreno Dodson, 2012. "The Impact of Tax and Expenditure Policies on Income Distribution: Evidence from a Large Panel of Countries," Hacienda Pública Española / Review of Public Economics, IEF, vol. 200(1), pages 95-130, March.
    4. Mehic, Adrian, 2018. "Industrial employment and income inequality: Evidence from panel data," Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, Elsevier, vol. 45(C), pages 84-93.

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