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The World Bank, the IMF, and the GATT/WTO: Which institution most supported trade reform in developing economies?

Author

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  • Douglas A. Irwin

    (Peterson Institute for International Economics)

Abstract

The 1980s and 1990s saw a policy revolution in developing countries in which many highly protected (if not closed) economies were opened to world trade. These reforms were largely undertaken unilaterally, but international economic institutions such as the World Bank, the International Monetary Fund, and the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade/World Trade Organization supported these efforts. This paper examines the ways in which these institutions promoted, or failed to promote, trade policy reform during this pivotal period.

Suggested Citation

  • Douglas A. Irwin, 2022. "The World Bank, the IMF, and the GATT/WTO: Which institution most supported trade reform in developing economies?," Working Paper Series WP22-19, Peterson Institute for International Economics.
    • Handle: RePEc:iie:wpaper:wp22-19
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    IMF; World Bank; GATT; WTO; trade reform; structural adjustment; conditional aid; tariff reduction; trade liberalization;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • F13 - International Economics - - Trade - - - Trade Policy; International Trade Organizations

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