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Apertura, reforma y mercado de trabajo: La experiencia de una década de cambios estructurales en el Perú

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  • Carmen Pagés-Serra

Abstract

Este estudio examina la situación laboral en el Perú y encuentra evidencia de una profunda transformación en el mercado de trabajo durante los noventa. En primer lugar, la creación de empleos en el sector privado se aceleró enormemente a partir de 1992. Sin embargo, el fuerte y simultaneo crecimiento en la oferta de trabajo ha incidido en que la tasa de desempleo no bajara sustancialmente durante este periodo. En segundo lugar, aunque las tasas de desempleo de los noventa son mayores que en la segunda mitad de los ochenta, el mercado de trabajo re-emplea trabajadores desplazados con mayor rapidez. En tercer lugar, los salarios de individuos de características similares han tendido a igualarse entre sectores y actividades. También, durante los noventa se ha acelerado la contratación de mujeres y trabajadores jóvenes en el sector formal lo que ha supuesto una caída en las diferencias en la composición de mano de obra entre los sectores tradicionalmente clasificados como informales y el sector formal. En conjunto, el crecimiento del empleo, la mayor capacidad de re-empleo de trabajadores desplazados y la caída en la prima de formalidad sugieren un desempeño más eficiente del mercado de trabajo peruano. Sin embargo, esta transformación no está exenta de dificultades que a su vez, suponen nuevos retos para los responsables de la política laboral, educativa y económica del país.

Suggested Citation

  • Carmen Pagés-Serra, 1999. "Apertura, reforma y mercado de trabajo: La experiencia de una década de cambios estructurales en el Perú," Research Department Publications 4167, Inter-American Development Bank, Research Department.
    • Handle: RePEc:idb:wpaper:4167
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Márquez, Gustavo & Pagés, Carmen, 1997. "Trade and Employment: Evidence from Latin America and the Caribbean," IDB Publications (Working Papers) 6064, Inter-American Development Bank.
    2. Eduardo Lora & Ugo Panizza, 2002. "Structural Reforms in Latin America under Scrutiny," Research Department Publications 4303, Inter-American Development Bank, Research Department.
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    4. Lora, Eduardo & Olivera, Mauricio, 1998. "Macro Policy and Employment Problems in Latin America," IDB Publications (Working Papers) 6077, Inter-American Development Bank.
    5. Juhn, Chinhui & Murphy, Kevin M & Pierce, Brooks, 1993. "Wage Inequality and the Rise in Returns to Skill," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 101(3), pages 410-442, June.
    6. Carmen Pagés-Serra & Gustavo Márquez, 1998. "Ties That Bind: Employment Protection and Labor Market Outcomes in Latin America," Research Department Publications 4118, Inter-American Development Bank, Research Department.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

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