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Conducción y propiedad empresarial: medición y repercusiones del desempeño empresarial y las políticas de dividendos en Argentina

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  • Ricardo N. Bebczuk

Abstract

(Disponible en idioma inglés únicamente) Este trabajo tiene dos objetivos. En primer lugar reunimos, por primera vez, mediciones cuantitativas de la calidad de la gestión de la conducción empresarial y la estructura propietaria de 65 compañías no financieras inscritas en bolsa en Argentina, con datos del año 2003-04. A tal fin se empleó una amplia gama de fuentes gubernamentales y privadas. En síntesis, las compañías parecen tener una conducción regular en comparación con las prácticas internacionales. A su vez, la propiedad parece estar muy concentrada al nivel del mayor accionista, pero la separación del control y los derechos sobre el flujo de caja impera en menos de la mitad de las empresas de la muestra, siendo la organización piramidal el principal mecanismo para crear dicha separación. En segundo lugar, ponemos a prueba las predicciones de las recientes teorías que vinculan esas medidas con el desempeño empresarial y la política de dividendos en el período 2000-2003. En cuanto al desempeño, los resultados apuntan a un efecto considerable y robusto de nuestra medición de la conducción empresarial, tanto sobre el retorno sobre los activos como sobre el coeficiente de Tobin. Además, la separación del control y los derechos sobre el flujo de caja en el caso del mayor accionista un indicador de incentivos para la expropiación de los pequeños accionistas entorpece directamente el desempeño y también atenúa los efectos positivos de las normas de buena conducción empresarial. En cuanto a los dividendos, sólo nuestra medida de conducción empresarial parece ejercer un efecto positivo y marcado sobre la proporción de dividendos en efectivo a flujo de caja. Sin embargo, las estimaciones no resultan muy valederas ante la inclusión de algunos controles adicionales que guardan una correlación con la conducción empresarial.

Suggested Citation

  • Ricardo N. Bebczuk, 2005. "Conducción y propiedad empresarial: medición y repercusiones del desempeño empresarial y las políticas de dividendos en Argentina," Research Department Publications 3213, Inter-American Development Bank, Research Department.
  • Handle: RePEc:idb:wpaper:3213
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