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Determinantes del spread en las tasas de interés bancarias en Bolivia

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  • UDAPE UDAPE

Abstract

Entre 1980 y la primera mitad de los noventas, la intermediación financiera en Bolivia se ha desenvuelto en dos ambientes de política económica completamente opuestos: el primero correspondió a una economía donde el rol del Estado era gravitante y el segundo a una economía de mercado. Hasta agosto de 1985 se impusieron controles sobre la tasa de interés. Esta política, la hiperinflación, la mora bancaria, la "desdolarización" del año 1982 y la reducción en el crecimiento de la economía, determinaron el desmoronamiento del sistema financiero. El aumento de la emisión monetaria aceleró la inflación de tal manera que las tasas de interés reales llegaron a ser negativas, afectando directamente a la intermediación financiera. Los bancos se vieron imposibilitados de cumplir sus compromisos con la banca extranjera, por lo que perdieron el acceso a esa fuente de financiamiento. La regulación no era suficientemente clara y tampoco se cumplía. El aumento de la mora, de los gastos administrativos, y de la proporción de activos no rentables disminuyó notoriamente los volúmenes de operación de la banca. En agosto de 1985, cuando se implementa la Nueva Política Económica (NPE), se introducen una serie de cambios que transformaron al sector financiero. El objetivo inicial fue detener la hiperinflación y luego retomar el crecimiento. Las medidas en términos generales fueron: i) saneamiento fiscal; ii) liberalización del sistema financiero; iii) liberalización de los mercados de bienes y factores; y iv) apertura al comercio exterior.

Suggested Citation

  • Udape Udape, 1998. "Determinantes del spread en las tasas de interés bancarias en Bolivia," Research Department Publications 3034, Inter-American Development Bank, Research Department.
  • Handle: RePEc:idb:wpaper:3034
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