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「米中関税引上げ」の経済的帰結:シミュレーションモデルを用いた影響試算, The Economic Consequences of U.S.-China Trade Conflict in 2018: CGE Simulation Analysis

Author

Listed:
  • 堤, 雅彦
  • Tsutsumi, Masahiko

Abstract

2018年に公表・実施される米国及び中国の関税引上げ措置を取り上げ、その中期的な経済的帰結について影響を試算した。試算から得られた含意は以下の通りである。第一に、関税引上げだけの場合は、米国のGDPを0.1%、中国のGDPを0.2%程度押し下げる影響があり、等価変分で評価すると、米国で98億ドル、中国で352億ドルの損失になる。世界経済への影響は軽微ではあるが、貿易転換効果によって第三国に生じる便益の合計は損失を上回らず、世界全体でもマイナスになる。第二に、資本蓄積や技術進歩の影響を勘案した場合は、米国のGDPを1.6%、中国のGDPを2.5%程度押し下げる影響があり、等価変分で評価すると、米国で1,995億ドル、中国で1,871億ドルの損失になる。貿易転換効果とそれに伴う成長効果は第三国にプラスとなるが、世界全体ではやはりマイナスとなる。第三に、産業別生産は、関税引上げによる財間の価格変化差によって生じる比較優位構造の変化に影響される。具体的には、米国でも中国でも、輸送機械や電気機械・一般機械といった技術集約的、資本集約的な業種の縮小が発生し、第三国では、この逆が生じることになる。最後に、中国の対抗措置がもたらす効果について検証したところ、米国経済への悪影響を生じさせるという意味では報復にはなるが、時間経過と共に自国の損失も大きいことが明らかになった。対抗措置は妥当な対応策ではないと示唆される。, This paper aims at evaluating the economic consequences of U.S.-China trade conflict in 2018. The potential impact of proposed tariff increases is calculated by a global CGE model. Capital deepening and technological spillover induced by trade are also considered to explore long-run influence. Following implications are delivered. First, imposed tariffs on goods alone will decline U.S. and China’s GDP by 0.1% and 0.2% respectively. They will also worsen U.S. and China’s equivalent variation by 9.8 billion US dollars and 35.2 billion US dollars respectively. Although the other countries enjoy gains from trade diversion, losses exceeds globally. Second, taking into account the effect from capital deepening and technological spillover induced by trade makes a situation worse. U.S. and China’s GDP will decline by 1.6% and 2.5% respectively. U.S. and China’s equivalent variation will decrease by 199.5 billion US dollars and 187.1 billion US dollars respectively. Trade diversion is not large enough to recover losses in two countries. Third, imposed tariffs will distort relative prices and change the production structure. Concretely, the United States and China will lose their comparative advantage in transport, electronic, and machinery equipment production, while other countries expand them. Finally, China’s retaliatory tariff increases should worsen the U.S. economy to some extent, however, it is indeed achieved at the cost of the Chinese economy. It is not an appropriate policy response in the long run.

Suggested Citation

  • 堤, 雅彦 & Tsutsumi, Masahiko, 2018. "「米中関税引上げ」の経済的帰結:シミュレーションモデルを用いた影響試算, The Economic Consequences of U.S.-China Trade Conflict in 2018: CGE Simulation Analysis," CIS Discussion paper series 672, Center for Intergenerational Studies, Institute of Economic Research, Hitotsubashi University.
  • Handle: RePEc:hit:cisdps:672
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    Keywords

    米国; 中国; 関税引上げ; 貿易政策; 報復; CGE モデル; the US; China; Tariff; Trade Policy; Retaliation; CGE model;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • F13 - International Economics - - Trade - - - Trade Policy; International Trade Organizations
    • F17 - International Economics - - Trade - - - Trade Forecasting and Simulation
    • F51 - International Economics - - International Relations, National Security, and International Political Economy - - - International Conflicts; Negotiations; Sanctions

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