L'approche économique des transitions énergétiques et l'innovation environnementale : une application au CCS et au BCCS

While the environmental innovations will play a key role in the transition towards new energetical systems, their implementation is rather difficult to be set up and will require some incentive and regulatory schemes. The techniques at stake are rather difficult to implement, implying scale and network économies, with an important technical and economic uncertainty. Technical progress can even lead to a " rebound effect ", the increase in the energy efficiency of old techniques allowing to delay the adoption of more decarbonized techniques. From this point of view, Carbon Capture and Storage techniques, from fossil fuels (CCS) or bioenergy (BCCS) appear to a promising way to reach stringent greenhouse gas reduction targets, but may also lead to extend the use of fossil fuels on a longer timescale. These techniques are moreover submitted to the evolution of mitigation costs, to the regulatory uncertainty and to their social acceptability. It is really a new challenge for the national Innovation system to help to develop environmetal techniques, and to find incentives schemes able to promote them.