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Géopolitique du pétrole au début du XXI e siècle

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  • Jean-Pierre Favennec

    (IFPEN - IFP Energies nouvelles)

Abstract

Le Moyen-Orient détient les 2/3 des réserves d'hydrocarbures liquides. Cette concentration dans une zone jugée par certains instable a conduit les principaux pays consommateurs à diversifier leurs approvisionnements, en particulier après les chocs pétroliers. C'est pourquoi la production en mer du Nord, en Alaska, en offshore a pu se développer malgré des coûts plus élevés que ceux observés au Moyen-Orient. Après le 11 septembre les États-Unis cherchent à réduire leur dépendance par rapport au Moyen-Orient et accroître leurs importations depuis d'autres sources comme l'Afrique de l'Ouest ou l'ex-URSS. De nouveaux équilibres se dessinent ; jusqu'à quel point l'Afrique, la Russie et la Caspienne pourront remplacer l'Arabie Saoudite, tel est l'enjeu du débat.

Suggested Citation

  • Jean-Pierre Favennec, 2003. "Géopolitique du pétrole au début du XXI e siècle," Working Papers hal-02468302, HAL.
    • Handle: RePEc:hal:wpaper:hal-02468302
    Note: View the original document on HAL open archive server: https://ifp.hal.science/hal-02468302
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