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Individual and Society according to Walras
[Individu et société selon Walras]

Author

Listed:
  • Jérôme Lallement

    (CES - Centre d'économie de la Sorbonne - UP1 - Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique)

Abstract

Les analyses modernes présentent l'équilibre général comme un archétype de l'individualisme méthodologique, exposant la conciliation des intérêts individuels grâce au marché. Cet article vise à montrer l'originalité et la spécificité du traitement de cette question par Walras. On montre d'abord que Walras considère que l'individu (soi-même) et la société (les autres) sont des données naturelles, qui coexistent nécessairement, récusant ainsi l'individualisme. Mais Walras récuse aussi le holisme et développe une analyse qui fait de l'individu et de l'État deux entités complémentaires et inséparables. Il en découle une vision du rôle économique de l'État très éloignée du libéralisme fondé sur l'individualisme. L'État doit intervenir pour rendre possible la libre entreprise en organisant la concurrence. Et l'État doit disposer de ressources propres, obtenues non pas grâce à l'impôt ,mais par l'étatisation des terres.

Suggested Citation

  • Jérôme Lallement, 2015. "Individual and Society according to Walras [Individu et société selon Walras]," Working Papers hal-01316072, HAL.
    • Handle: RePEc:hal:wpaper:hal-01316072
    as

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