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Le mythe de l'entreprise d'équilibre

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  • David Cayla

    (GRANEM - Groupe de Recherche Angevin en Economie et Management - UA - Université d'Angers - AGROCAMPUS OUEST - Institut National de l'Horticulture et du Paysage)

Abstract

La microéconomie et l'économie industrielle trouvent leurs origines dans l'approche marshallienne fondée sur l'équilibre partiel. De cette approche sont tirées les très classiques courbes d'offre et de demande. Or, cette conception du marché est fondée sur un certain nombre de postulats particulièrement problématiques. Le premier, le plus évident, est la négation du rôle de l'entreprise qu'a entraîné l'adoption du concept d' « entreprise d'équilibre » (Pigou 1928). En effet, envisager un marché composé d'entreprises « moyennes » et toutes identiques évacue par avance toute question relative à leurs stratégies ou à leur impact sur le marché. Plus largement, la nécessité dans laquelle se trouvait Marshall d'établir une symétrie entre l'offre et la demande, ceci dans le seul objectif de rééquilibrer la théorie de la valeur en faveur de la demande, le contraint à introduire un certain nombre d'hypothèses très restrictives sur la fonction de coût (Sraffa 1925). L'objectif de cette contribution est de présenter une synthèse de la littérature et de montrer pourquoi ce modèle est inconciliable avec les théories de la firme contemporaines.

Suggested Citation

  • David Cayla, 2015. "Le mythe de l'entreprise d'équilibre," Working Papers hal-01312952, HAL.
    • Handle: RePEc:hal:wpaper:hal-01312952
    Note: View the original document on HAL open archive server: https://hal.science/hal-01312952
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    References listed on IDEAS

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