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The End of the Age of Dualisation? A Comparative Analysis of Fifty Years of Labour Market Protection Reforms in Spain and Italy

Author

Listed:
  • Manuel Alvariño

    (Economics Department [European University Institute] - EUI - European University Institute - Institut Universitaire Européen)

  • Alessandro Arrigoni Liepp

    (LIEPP - Laboratoire interdisciplinaire d'évaluation des politiques publiques (Sciences Po) - Sciences Po - Sciences Po)

  • Llorenç Soler-Buades

    (UAB - Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona = Autonomous University of Barcelona = Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona)

  • Emanuele Ferragina

    (OSC - Observatoire sociologique du changement (Sciences Po, CNRS) - Sciences Po - Sciences Po - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, CRIS - Centre de recherche sur les inégalités sociales (Sciences Po, CNRS) - Sciences Po - Sciences Po - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique)

Abstract

We suggest that labour market dualisation can be part of a liberalisation process in two steps. First, we develop an eight-fold taxonomy to classify labour market protection reforms – covering employment, unemployment and collective protection – based on how they affect (de)commodification levels for insiders and outsiders. Second, through a comparative historical analysis over fifty years (1970-2020), we examine reform trajectories in Spain and Italy, two prominent examples of labour market dualism. We reveal a process of ‘liberalisation through dualisation' characterised by two phases: (1) a shift from a declining Fordist order to dualisation, which primarily weakened outsiders' protection, and (2) ‘downward convergence' of protection for insiders. Spain and Italy shared this path but differed in the timing and characteristics of the legislative process. More broadly, we offer a replicable and transparent methodology to qualitatively code policy change and its intensity.

Suggested Citation

  • Manuel Alvariño & Alessandro Arrigoni Liepp & Llorenç Soler-Buades & Emanuele Ferragina, 2025. "The End of the Age of Dualisation? A Comparative Analysis of Fifty Years of Labour Market Protection Reforms in Spain and Italy," SciencePo Working papers Main hal-04909856, HAL.
    • Handle: RePEc:hal:spmain:hal-04909856
    DOI: 10.25647/liepp.wp.173
    Note: View the original document on HAL open archive server: https://hal.science/hal-04909856v1
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