Contributions of a Science and Technology Park (STP) to Inclusive Mobility for a Territory

Our chapter contributes to the emergence of the concept of inclusive mobility, which aims to offer physically and financially accessible solutions to categories of populations excluded from access to mobility (people on low incomes, job seekers, precarious workers, the elderly, people with reduced mobility, etc.). "However, the notion of inclusive mobility also induces a critical distancing from mobility considered as a social norm" (Cass et al. 2005; Fol and Gallez 2014). This detachment implies interdisciplinary public policies aimed at reducing the "all-mobility" approach in favor of renewed access to resources. Inclusive mobility cannot therefore be considered exclusively from the economic angle, which focuseson the cost of transport and access to employment, but must be considered from an empowering and collaborative angle, encouraging the participation of all stakeholders in the issues it raises. Our case study of the Transalley Science and Technology Park (STP) is located in the Valenciennes region (Hauts-deFrance) and dedicated to innovative and sustainable mobility. We propose to question the contribution of STPs to an inclusive territory beyond their role in supporting economic development based on the technological innovation attributed to them. Through the case of this STP, we propose to apprehend the contributions of STPs to the intelligence of a territory by going beyond strictly technocentric approaches to value the methods favoring the co-construction of a shared vision for a territory that takes into account issues of inclusion. The chapter is developed in four parts. First, it presents the recent contributions in the literature on the roles of STPs and on territorial intelligence by insisting on the extension of the concept to social value and social and collaborative governance beyond the technological aspects. It then describes the case of the Transalley Science and Technology Park, before proposing elements for a characterization of its different types of contributions through the study of three embedded projects: a demonstration and experimentation track, the Institute of Mobility and Sustainable Transport and the Mobility Kiosk. The detailed analysis of these three projects dedicated to mobility, whose motivations and issues are different, makes it possible to distinguish different methods of interventions and to observe their convergences. Finally, on the basis of this empirical work, the mobilization of theoretical frameworks makes it possible to interpret the field observations from the perspective of the contribution of the STP to the inclusive territory. The final part of this chapter discusses the contributions of our analysis by linking them to the issues of collaborative governance, capacity building among local actors and the evaluation of the social value of STPs.