Is the mobility of inhabitants of deprived neighbourhoods specific? Evidence from France (2008 - 2019)[La mobilité des habitants des quartiers défavorisés est-elle spécifique ? Une analyse à l'échelle française (2008 - 2019)]

Mobility in deprived neighbourhoods is attracting growing interest in both the political and scientific spheres, driven by the growing need to take better account of the social challenges of mobility. So, the French urban policy which aims to reduce urban territorial inequalities (known as "Politique de la ville") has confirmed its determination to work towards mobility in the neighbourhoods it covers. However, knowledge of mobility in these neighbourhoods remains sketchy and sparse, with studies mostly conducted on the scale of urban units. This analysis sheds light on the specific mobility practices in these disadvantaged neighbourhoods, adopting a diachronic approach (2008-2019) and for the first time representative of the French territory. People living in poor neighbourhoods suffer from unequal access to speed, which in turn compresses the length of their trips. Indeed, their modal practices are more environment-friendly, with less reliance on the car (the faster mode) and more on public transport and walking. The estimation of an econometric model makes it possible to clarify this, showing that these modal differences are not based solely on the particularities of these neighbourhoods (high unemployment rates, more frequent location in large urban units, etc.). In addition, the model also reveals that inequalities in motorisation do not entirely explain these modal disparities, contrasting on this point with previous literature.