Structural and behavioural asymmetries as the norm of market Economies[Les asymétries structurelles et comportementales comme normes des économies de marché]

Standard neo-classical economic theory is based on the idea of balance and symmetry between opposing forces (supply and demand). Most situations in the field of macroeconomics, in particular, are of a structurally asymmetrical nature. The same is true about the behavior of all agents because asymmetry of information is a characteristic of any contractual relationship in any market. Classical economists, as well as other heterodox economists, also consider that asymmetry, inequality and the conflicts of power and domination are at the very heart of market relations and explain the historical dynamics of the evolution of market economies. In these circumstances, it should be considered that the asymmetrical relationship must be regarded as the norm of the market economy.