Familialism, Feminism, and “Parentalism”: three ages of societal regulations[Familialisme, Féminisme et "Parentalisme" : trois âges de la régulation sociale]

Our developed countries are today in view of a major challenge : to preserve sufficient fertility rates at all costs to ensure the economic and social development in the long term, therefore a level of increasing employment, while at the same time possible problems of shortage of labour are likely to block the competitiveness of our economy. This intersection of the various stakes : demographic, economic, social, political in particular, raises of an articulation between the sphere of the production and that of the reproduction which is historically the spring of the social change in our societies. The aim of this text is to reread the recent history of France, over the last thirty years, to note the transformation of the political and social objectives and to see how, according to the changes of the family and employment, one gradually passed from one mode of societal regulation to another. More particularly, of a regulation based on the preservation of the family -Familialism-, with a regulation seeking to preserve the place of women -Feminism-; while today it is the social concern of children (and of the parentality, -explaining the naming of Parentalism used-) which seems prevalent.