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A Survey of the European IPO Market

Author

Listed:
  • Carole Gresse

    (DRM - Dauphine Recherches en Management - Université Paris Dauphine-PSL - PSL - Université Paris Sciences et Lettres - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique)

  • Jean-François Gajewski

    (IRG - Institut de Recherche en Gestion - UPEM - Université Paris-Est Marne-la-Vallée - UPEC UP12 - Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12)

Abstract

Based on a sample of 15 European countries, this survey analyses various features of the European IPO market over the past decade from 1995 to 2004: listing requirements, IPO-mechanism choices, performance and secondary market liquidity.First, the comparison of national primary market regulations, in spite of the commonly observed segmentation between Main, Parallel and New Markets, shows a great diversity in listing requirements and reveals that primary market's mechanisms are almost always monitored by investment banks, which then control initial pricing and allocation of new issues. The examination of issuers' practices in terms of IPO mechanisms puts forward the thrive in the late nineties and the current prominence of book-building.Second, our empirical analysis of IPO short-term and long-term performance confirms, with a few exceptions, commonly admitted patterns, but also show discrepancies between countries, periods, sector and primary listing mechanisms. Average initial underpricing amounts to 22% over our pan-European sample and is observed at various levels in each of the 15 countries of the sample. Empirical evidence on long-term performance is less clear. Results are not benchmark-dependent but sometimes differ between measurement methods. However, consistently with previous studies, significant underperformance is found at the 3-year horizon with all methodologies and in all countries, except Greece and Portugal.Finally, using a sample of IPOs undertaken on Euronext between 1995 and 2004, our study examines the relationship between initial returns and post-listing liquidity in the short and in the long-run. We support the illiquidity-compensation hypothesis. Initial underpricing is positively linked to information asymmetry in the after-market. It produces higher turnover immediately after the IPO but has no effect on trading volumes after the first year of trading, so that this liquidity effect cannot be assigned to ownership structure but is more likely attributable to the interest underpriced stocks generate.

Suggested Citation

  • Carole Gresse & Jean-François Gajewski, 2006. "A Survey of the European IPO Market," Post-Print halshs-00153343, HAL.
    • Handle: RePEc:hal:journl:halshs-00153343
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Stavros Thomadakis & Christos Nounis & Dimitrios Gounopoulos, 2012. "Long†term Performance of Greek IPOs," European Financial Management, European Financial Management Association, vol. 18(1), pages 117-141, January.
    2. Evelyne Poincelot & Dominique Poincelot, 2015. "Existe-t-il une gestion managériale du flottant et du prix d’offre lors d’une introduction en Bourse sur Euronext Paris ? - Is there a management of the float and the offer price during an initial pub," Working Papers CREGO 1150102, Université de Bourgogne - CREGO EA7317 Centre de recherches en gestion des organisations.
    3. Amal Mohammed Al-Masawa & Rasidah Mohd-Rashid & Hamdan Amer Al-Jaifi, 2020. "A Descriptive Analysis of IPOs Post Listing Liquidity in Malaysia," International Journal of Financial Research, International Journal of Financial Research, Sciedu Press, vol. 11(1), pages 171-180, January.
    4. Hadro Dominika & Pauka Marek, 2019. "Underpricing on the Selected European Alternative Investment Markets," Financial Internet Quarterly (formerly e-Finanse), Sciendo, vol. 15(2), pages 87-94, June.
    5. Kim, Oksana, 2013. "The global recognition strategy of blue chips of the Russian and Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) markets," Journal of Contemporary Accounting and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 9(2), pages 151-169.
    6. Klova, Valeriia, 2017. "IPO underpricing: What about the shipping sector?," Journal of Multinational Financial Management, Elsevier, vol. 42, pages 95-115.
    7. Haman, Janto & Chalmers, Keryn & Fang, Victor, 2017. "IPO lockups, long run returns, and growth opportunities," Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, Elsevier, vol. 49(C), pages 184-199.
    8. Nesrine Bouzouita & Jean-François Gajewski & Carole Gresse, 2015. "Liquidity Benefits from IPO Underpricing: Ownership Dispersion or Information Effect," Financial Management, Financial Management Association International, vol. 44(4), pages 785-810, October.
    9. Haykel Hamdi & Duc Khuong Nguyen & Hassan Obeid, 2014. "The short- and long-term performance of privatization initial public offerings in Europe," Working Papers 2014-241, Department of Research, Ipag Business School.
    10. Apostolos Dasilas & Chris Grose & Michael A. Talias, 2017. "Investigating the valuation effects of reverse takeovers: evidence from Europe," Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting, Springer, vol. 49(4), pages 973-1004, November.
    11. Polona Peterle & Ales S. Berk, 2016. "IPO Cycles in Central and Eastern Europe: What Factors Drive these Cycles?," Czech Journal of Economics and Finance (Finance a uver), Charles University Prague, Faculty of Social Sciences, vol. 66(2), pages 113-139, April.
    12. Nielsson, Ulf, 2013. "Do less regulated markets attract lower quality firms? Evidence from the London AIM market," Journal of Financial Intermediation, Elsevier, vol. 22(3), pages 335-352.
    13. Dorsman, André & Gounopoulos, Dimitrios, 2013. "European Sovereign Debt Crisis and the performance of Dutch IPOs," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 30(C), pages 308-319.
    14. Wolfgang Bessler & Martin Seim, 2013. "Venture capital and IPO waves in Europe: an analysis of firm and performance characteristics," Chapters, in: Mario Levis & Silvio Vismara (ed.), Handbook of Research on IPOs, chapter 15, pages 295-326, Edward Elgar Publishing.
    15. Sabri Boubaker & Dimitrios Gounopoulos & Antonios Kallias & Konstantinos Kallias, 2017. "Management earnings forecasts and IPO performance: evidence of a regime change," Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting, Springer, vol. 48(4), pages 1083-1121, May.
    16. Ilias Anthopoulos & Christos N.Pitelis, "undated". "The Nature, Performance, Economic Impact and Regulation of Investment Banking," Working papers wpaper137, Financialisation, Economy, Society & Sustainable Development (FESSUD) Project.

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