Réduire les disparités territoriales et sociales d'accès à la ville. Une réponse concrète, mais imparfaite, par les transports collectifs

The question of equal chances between individuals in terms of the access to the town's goods appears to be increasingly central to public action decision makers. This may in part be attributed to the observed growth of social inequalities. It may also result from the persistence or even the worsening of segregation processes (as well for the labour market as for the other urban activities). Even if this issue has long been present in French legislation, the 1990's witnessed its development especially with the law on Solidarity and Urban Renewal or with the "Perroux" report. Arguments justifying public action in favour of equity and social justice underline that society's values stress equal chances in accessing goods and the improvement of the living conditions of the poorest individuals. The maintenance or the reduction of accessibility gaps between the poorest areas and the others, between the different social groups in terms of the town's activities, needs to be taken into account in the fight for social justice.In this context, the aim of this paper is double. Firstly, we validate, by measurement, the existence of disparities of urban amenities access between the underprivileged populations and the populations easy. Then, we assess the answers that can bring the development of public transport in order to reduce the urban amenities access disparities.