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Bilateral invoicing currency ratios: A methodology to calculate them from unilateral invoicing currency ratios

Author

Listed:
  • Yushi Yoshida

    (University of Shiga Prefecture)

  • Fabien Rondeau

    (CREM - Centre de recherche en économie et management - UNICAEN - Université de Caen Normandie - NU - Normandie Université - UR - Université de Rennes - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique)

Abstract

We suggest obtaining bilateral invoicing ratios by reverse-engineering the unilateral invoicing ratios. We describe the methodology for conducting this extraction algorithm: pre-multiplying the Moore-Penrose pseudoinverse of the bilateral trading partners' weights matrix to the unilateral invoicing vector.

Suggested Citation

  • Yushi Yoshida & Fabien Rondeau, 2025. "Bilateral invoicing currency ratios: A methodology to calculate them from unilateral invoicing currency ratios," Post-Print hal-04935455, HAL.
    • Handle: RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04935455
    DOI: 10.1016/j.econlet.2024.112116
    Note: View the original document on HAL open archive server: https://hal.science/hal-04935455v1
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    Keywords

    Invoicing currency; Invoicing ratio datasets; Moore-Penrose (pseudoinverse);
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • F14 - International Economics - - Trade - - - Empirical Studies of Trade
    • F31 - International Economics - - International Finance - - - Foreign Exchange
    • F36 - International Economics - - International Finance - - - Financial Aspects of Economic Integration

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