La Performance Organisationnelle : Une Revue de Littérature des Approches Théoriques et des Modèles Structurants

Historically, performance has predominantly been understood from a financial perspective, emphasizing profitability and economic metrics such as revenue and market share. This narrow framework was designed to fulfill shareholder expectations and ensure organizational sustainability. However, in recent years, a significant paradigm shift has emerged: performance is now viewed through a more comprehensive lens, integrating social and environmental dimensions alongside traditional financial criteria. This article aims to elucidate the concept of performance by embedding it within an expanded framework of organizational performance definitions and approaches. It examines theoretical foundations and associated models while emphasizing the relevant indicators required for rigorous evaluation. Through a comprehensive literature review, this study seeks to revisit the concept of performance, analyzing the various approaches that have explored it and evaluating the models developed for their implementation. The methodological approach involves a critical analysis of key publications to uncover dominant trends, whether centered on financial, social, or global performance. The findings underscore a significant evolution, marked by a transition from a purely financial focus toward an integrated approach, with greater emphasis on corporate social responsibility (CSR) and multidimensional performance encompassing both social and global aspects.