Managériales Human Resources in Transition: Historical Context and Perspectives on Management Approaches[La Gestion des Ressources Humaines en Mutation : Historique et Perspectives des Approches Managériales]

Human Resource Management (HRM) is a complex and multidimensional field that has evolved over the decades to meet the changing needs of organizations and their workforce. Once primarily viewed as a support function, HRM is now recognized as a crucial strategic tool that enables companies to distinguish themselves from their competitors. In recent years, HRM has garnered increasing attention in academic discussions within management sciences. This article aims to explore the theoretical foundations of HRM, providing an overview of the various approaches that have shaped this discipline. Drawing on a rigorous review of the literature, including reference books, scientific publications, theses, and specialized journals, this article seeks to shed light on the fundamental principles that have guided the evolution of HRM practices and concepts, thus contributing to the expansion of the scientific literature on the subject. Based on existing theories and research related to HRM, a synthesis of the different HRM approaches and models has been conducted. This analysis has allowed for a deeper understanding of the evolution of the HR function and the models associated with it.