Responses to climate change in Alpine ski destinations

Winter sports are a multi-billion USD industry and a major source of income for many mountain communities. Ski destinations rely on favourable snow conditions, which make them vulnerable to climate change and are expected to be negatively affected by future climate change. Snowmaking is the main adaptation strategy used by ski lift operators and has reduced the negative impacts of climate change. However, snowmaking technologies are projected to be less effective in reducing risks in a warmer climate. A diversification strategy that offers non-snow recreational opportunities also supports adaptation in mountainous regions under future climate change, changing the pattern of supply. According to the maladaptation framework, snowmaking tends to show signs of maladaptation, while diversification shows promise as a first step towards more effective, long-term adaptation strategies. However, generalisations should be treated with caution, as there is no clear dividing line between effective adaptation and maladaptation. Evaluating the outcomes of snowmaking or diversification strategies and their articulation remains inherently specific to each ski resort.