Les effets directs et indirects des politiques vaccinales sur la santé : une revue de la littérature

This paper reviews the national and international literature on the causal effects of vaccination campaigns in OECD countries. Whether in the form of recommendations or mandatory policies, vaccination campaigns, particularly those conducted in schools or targeting young children, have a very positive direct effect: they contribute to a very strong increase in vaccination rates for the disease and the population targeted by the campaign. Furthermore, the literature shows the existence of indirect effects of the campaigns, i.e., collateral effects, extending beyond the population or the vaccine targeted by the campaign. These negative external effects naturally lead to question about the net effect of the campaign. To conclude, our literature review shows both the importance and the difficulty of evaluating vaccination campaigns, as for any public policy, in their entirety, without focusing solely on the direct impact they may have on the targeted population and the vaccine concerned.