What are the urban and tourism impacts of the Barcelona 1992 Olympic Games ?[Quels sont les impacts urbanistiques et touristiques des Jeux olympiques de Barcelone 1992 ?]

Barcelona and its 1992 Olympic Games, a model of success and a critical eye to take into account for future Olympiads. Through some twenty interviews with researchers, academics, elected officials and urban architects, this sixth issue of the Cahiers de la Chaire Immobilier et Développement Durable de l'ESSEC takes a critical look at the urban and real estate effects of major events on the cities that host them such as the Olympic and Paralympic Games and the Universal Exhibitions. It puts this urban and real estate heritage of previous events into perspective with Paris' expectations of the 2024 Olympic and Paralympic Games, which it will host, and the 2025 world expo, which it could have hosted if its candidacy had been maintained. At the time of applications, and Paris confirms this, these expected impacts on real estate and urban development and planning are immense. A posteriori analyzes in Europe, Brazil and Japan show that they differ from one case to another. Sometimes they are mixed or even negative: white elephants are abandoned; the debt left impacts the finances of the city for several decades. Sometimes, on the contrary, they are very positive: a district is created, a city changes dimension and trajectory as for Barcelona 1992 and its tourism strategy (leisure and business). Faced with these diverse situations, the Cahier sheds light on the conditions for the success of mega-events. The most important thing is to think about the legacy upstream, from the application phase. The second is to adopt a strategy for promoting the event: the event is not, from an urban point of view, an end but a tremendous opportunity for development; beyond the media enthusiasm, it reinforces and accelerates a project dynamic.