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Entre défis organisationnels, sociaux et techniques pour la production de la ville : de la plateformisation des services à l'usager vers la transversalité des échanges

Author

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  • Gaëlle Baudry

    (Berger-Levrault)

  • Papa Alioune Ba

    (IEP Toulouse - Sciences Po Toulouse - Institut d'études politiques de Toulouse)

  • Youssef Miloudi

    (Carl Berger-Levrault)

Abstract

La montée en puissance des technologies numériques à la ville (Green, 2019) telle que les plateformes d'intermédiation replace l'humain au coeur des considérations locales. En comblant des « interstices [qui] laissent deviner ou entrevoir un autre processus de fabrication de la ville, ouvert et collaboratif, réactif et transversal » (Le Strat, 2007), individus et objets se voit conférer une nouvelle forme de pouvoir d'agir (Cooren et al., 2006), induisant de complexes réorganisations territoriales. Ses usagers-tantôt habitant, industriel, associatif, collectif de citoyens-deviennent à la fois consommateurs et producteurs de la ville. Cette pluralité de profils favorise l'émergence d' « injonctions contradictoires » (Baraud-Serfaty et al., 2020) créant un amalgame entre besoin d'autonomie, gain de temps, simplification des conditions de vie, responsabilisation… L'individualisme s'installe au détriment de la vision idéelle de bien commun propre aux gestionnaires des villes (Stébé, Marchal, 2019). Ces derniers doivent délaisser la vision classique de gouvernance unilatérale au profit d'une « nouvelle économie » (Weygand, 2008) collaborative numérique s'exprimant entre hétérogénéité et hybridation des services de la ville. Notre travail questionne la cohérence entre les dynamiques locales et globales pluripartites émergeantes sur un territoire et les ambitions de résilience de ses gestionnaires. Pour ce faire, nous convoquons une plateforme d'intermédiation numérique (Rochet, Tirole, 2006) de données au service de communautés urbaines conçue début 2022 par Berger-Levrault. Nous proposons son modèle économique mettant en tension proposition de valeur, infrastructure de production, position dans l'écosystème de valeur et modèle de revenus. Adoptant une démarche compréhensive, nous usons de techniques qualitatives : collecte documentaire sur le marché et usages des services organisant la ville, observation participante du développement du prototype, et entretiens auprès de deux collectivités. Nous mettons alors en évidence une typologie de défis à relever : organisationnels, au sens de gestion du changement et continuité des services publics ; sociaux, sur les rapports transversaux pluri acteurs et pluri identitaires des usagers ; et techniques, autour des aspects réglementaires des données et viabilité du dispositif. Enfin, nous identifions des leviers sociotechniques alimentant la quête de résilience systémique de la gouvernance territoriale.

Suggested Citation

  • Gaëlle Baudry & Papa Alioune Ba & Youssef Miloudi, 2023. "Entre défis organisationnels, sociaux et techniques pour la production de la ville : de la plateformisation des services à l'usager vers la transversalité des échanges," Post-Print hal-03969467, HAL.
    • Handle: RePEc:hal:journl:hal-03969467
    Note: View the original document on HAL open archive server: https://hal.science/hal-03969467
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Keywords

    construction collective; hybridation sociotechnique; plateformisation; intermédiation; multiface;
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