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Les trajectoires économiques nationales dans la transition post-soviétique. Etude comparée des fonds de privatisation tchèques et bulgares

Author

Listed:
  • Caroline Vincensini

    (EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales)

  • Petia Koleva

    (UP1 - Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne)

Abstract

Au début des années quatre-vingt-dix, les pays d'Europe centrale et orientale ont engagé des politiques volontaristes, dont l'objectif était la transition rapide vers l'économie de marché. Le transfert de la propriété d'Etat à des agents privés en était une pièce maîtresse. L'ampleur de ce transfert dans un contexte d'insuffisance de l'épargne domestique a conduit la plupart des économies de transition à mettre en oeuvre une méthode de privatisation originale, reposant sur la distribution gratuite à la population de coupons échangeables ultérieurement contre des actions des sociétés privatisées, ce qui a entraîné la création de fonds de coupons, une forme particulière d'intermédiaire financier. On distingue deux types principaux de programmes de privatisation de masse : le modèle décentralisé tchèque et le modèle centralisé polonais, qui se différencient notamment par le type de fonds de coupons qui émerge. Le modèle retenu influence l'évolution de l'économie d'un pays par ses effets sur les entreprises et sur le système financier. Comme la Bulgarie a entamé ses privatisations de masse relativement tard, elle a pu bénéficier de ces expériences et a choisi de mettre en application une variante du modèle tchèque. Ainsi, malgré le décalage dans le temps et la différence de contexte politique et économique, les privatisations de masse tchèques et bulgares ont partagé les mêmes caractéristiques quant à la conception du processus, et quant au rôle central des fonds de coupons en tant qu'intermédiaires financiers spécifiques.

Suggested Citation

  • Caroline Vincensini & Petia Koleva, 2000. "Les trajectoires économiques nationales dans la transition post-soviétique. Etude comparée des fonds de privatisation tchèques et bulgares," Post-Print hal-03462398, HAL.
  • Handle: RePEc:hal:journl:hal-03462398
    Note: View the original document on HAL open archive server: https://sciencespo.hal.science/hal-03462398
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    References listed on IDEAS

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