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Le tissu productif en France

Author

Listed:
  • Hervé Péléraux

    (OFCE - Observatoire français des conjonctures économiques (Sciences Po) - Sciences Po - Sciences Po)

  • Mathieu Plane

    (OFCE - Observatoire français des conjonctures économiques (Sciences Po) - Sciences Po - Sciences Po)

Abstract

Au fil du temps, la structure productive de la France s'est transformée, l'industrie lourde traditionnelle héritée des Trente Glorieuses laissant progressivement la place aux industries de plus haute technologie et aux services. Les mutations se sont accélérées avec les deux chocs pétroliers et se sont accompagnées de vagues de privatisations majeures qui ont favorisé l'insertion des grandes entreprises dans le capitalisme mondial. Ces ajustements ont été douloureux, avec la disparition de pans entiers de l'industrie, des délocalisations d'établissements et l'amputation de bassins d'emplois. Mais la France a aussi tiré bénéfice de la mondialisation. L'attractivité de son territoire, au centre de l'Europe, repose sur des infrastructures de qualité et un haut niveau de productivité et de qualification de sa main-d'œuvre, ce qui en fait une destination prisée des investisseurs internationaux. Mais, depuis les années 2000, d'abord sous la pression de l'amélioration de la compétitivité allemande, puis des politiques de désinflation compétitive et de concurrence fiscale menées dans de nombreux pays de la zone euro, d'un euro fort et d'une concurrence accrue des pays émergents, la France voit ses déficits commerciaux se creuser et perdurer. Par ailleurs, la compression des marges des entreprises exportatrices françaises a pu peser sur les politiques d'investissement favorables à la compétitivité hors prix.
(This abstract was borrowed from another version of this item.)

Suggested Citation

  • Hervé Péléraux & Mathieu Plane, 2018. "Le tissu productif en France," Post-Print hal-03408893, HAL.
    • Handle: RePEc:hal:journl:hal-03408893
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. B. Coeuré & Isabelle Rabaud, 2003. "Attractivité de la France : analyse, perception et mesure," Post-Print halshs-00206102, HAL.
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