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Que peut-on encore espérer de la méthode expérimentale ? Étude comparée en Sciences de Gestion et en Médecine

Author

Listed:
  • Vincent Helfrich

    (AHP-PReST - Archives Henri-Poincaré - Philosophie et Recherches sur les Sciences et les Technologies - UNISTRA - Université de Strasbourg - UL - Université de Lorraine - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Excelia Group | La Rochelle Business School)

  • Jean-Christophe Weber

    (LHSP - Laboratoire d'Histoire des Sciences et de Philosophie - Archives Henri Poincaré - UL - Université de Lorraine - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, AHP-PReST - Archives Henri-Poincaré - Philosophie et Recherches sur les Sciences et les Technologies - UNISTRA - Université de Strasbourg - UL - Université de Lorraine - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique)

Abstract

Cet article propose de clarifier et de dépasser l'irréductible variabilité qui contrarie toute tentative de qualification des pratiques expérimentales au sein d'une discipline ou à travers les disciplines. Pour ce faire, nous mobilisons la notion philosophique d'air de famille, au sens de Wittgenstein, qui permet de catégoriser des objets conceptuels sous la contrainte de leurs ressemblances et dissemblances. Notre analyse est basée sur une étude comparative entre la gestion et la médecine. Cette dernière permet de qualifier à la fois un air de famille « interne » aux pratiques expérimentales propres à chaque discipline (gestion et médecine) et un air de famille « externe » entre ces deux disciplines. Cette analyse insistera notamment sur les cas archétypiques des perspectives expérimentales de la recherche-intervention en gestion et de la clinique médicale. This article proposes to clarify and overcome the irreducible variability, which thwarts any attempt to qualify experimental practices within or across disciplines. To do so, we mobilize the philosophical notion of family resemblances, in Wittgenstein's sense, which allows us to categorize conceptual objects under the constraint of their similarities and dissimilarities. Our analysis is based on a comparative study between management sciences and medical science. The latter makes it possible to qualify both an "internal family resemblance" between the experimental practices specific to each discipline (management and medicine) and an "external family resemblance" between these two disciplines. This analysis will focus on the archetypal cases of the experimental perspectives of action-research in management and the medical clinic.

Suggested Citation

  • Vincent Helfrich & Jean-Christophe Weber, 2021. "Que peut-on encore espérer de la méthode expérimentale ? Étude comparée en Sciences de Gestion et en Médecine," Post-Print hal-03393587, HAL.
  • Handle: RePEc:hal:journl:hal-03393587
    DOI: 10.3917/vse.211.0114
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