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La propriété immobilière: quelle influence sur le portefeuille des ménages ?

Author

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  • Denis Fougère

    (CREST - Centre de Recherche en Économie et Statistique - ENSAI - Ecole Nationale de la Statistique et de l'Analyse de l'Information [Bruz] - X - École polytechnique - IP Paris - Institut Polytechnique de Paris - ENSAE Paris - École Nationale de la Statistique et de l'Administration Économique - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique)

  • Mathilde Poulhes

    (ECON - Département d'économie (Sciences Po) - Sciences Po - Sciences Po - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique)

Abstract

La propriété immobilière est souvent l'actif financier le plus important des ménages. Mais c'est aussi un bien de consommation durable, pour lequel les coûts de transaction, lors de l'acquisition mais aussi de la vente, sont élevés. Cette double caractéristique invite à évaluer l'influence de l'investissement en immobilier sur la composition du portefeuille financier des ménages. Nous tentons pour cela d'identifier deux effets de signe opposé : un effet dit « de richesse » et un effet du risque immobilier. L'accroissement de la richesse immobilière incite à détenir un portefeuille financier plus risqué, alors que le risque immobilier tend à diminuer la possession d'actifs risqués. Pour séparer ces deux effets, on recourt à une méthode indirecte proposée par Chetty et Seizdl (2010) : l'effet de richesse est capté par les variations de la richesse immobilière nette des emprunts restant à rembourser et l'effet de risque est capté par les variations de sa valeur brute. L'hypothèse est qu'une augmentation de la richesse nette à niveau donné de richesse brute correspond à une hausse de la richesse immobilière du ménage sans que son degré d'exposition au risque immobilier ne soit modifié. Son effet mesurera donc bien un pur effet de richesse. La démarche pose néanmoins un problème d'endogénéité : les ménages qui détiennent les biens immobiliers les plus importants et qui ont le moins besoin de s'endetter sont en général les plus riches, donc ceux qui prennent le plus de risques financiers. On résout ce problème en instrumentant les richesses nette et brute par les variations de prix observées au niveau départemental. On obtient de cette manière les deux effets opposés attendus : l'effet de richesse tend à augmenter la part d'actifs risqués dans le portefeuille, l'effet du risque immobilier tend à faire baisser cette part. Selon nos estimations, l'effet de richesse est plus important que l'effet du risque immobilier.

Suggested Citation

  • Denis Fougère & Mathilde Poulhes, 2014. "La propriété immobilière: quelle influence sur le portefeuille des ménages ?," Post-Print hal-03393008, HAL.
  • Handle: RePEc:hal:journl:hal-03393008
    DOI: 10.3406/estat
    Note: View the original document on HAL open archive server: https://sciencespo.hal.science/hal-03393008
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